Book Review The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan

The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan brings to light the food choices Americans make on a daily basis. In chapters 1, 2, and 3, of The Omnivores Dilemma, Pollan addresses the issues related to food to enlighten the reader of Americas poor food production processes and its unhealthy consequences. After informing the reader where food really comes from, he educates the reader about healthy food options that one should take on a consistent basis. Near, the end of the book, the author takes a look into the past to demonstrate how food used to be processed. Pollan divided The Omnivores Dilemma into three parts. This book review will focus solely on part I of industrial corn. Part 1 described the consequences that America is facing due to the overproduction of corn. Pollan traveled to a handful of farms to witness the farming practices for himself. He witnessed how America has transitioned from local farming to industrial farming. One significant factor that stood out to Pollan during h is travels was learning about the many uses that corn has as compared to that of earlier years. For example, at one point of time, corn was used as feed for animals such as cows and chickens. Nowadays, corn is used to make corn syrup. According to Pollan, there are some forty-five thousand items in the average American supermarket and more than a quarter of them now contain corn. Corn is in the coffee whitener and Cheez Whiz, the frozen yogurt and TV dinner, the canned fruit and ketchupShow MoreRelatedOmnivore s Dilemma By Michael Pollan1657 Words   |  7 PagesBenecia Felix COL:Earth Book Review Omnivore’s Dilemma By Michael Pollan Michael Pollan is the author of several New York Times bestseller books including the Omnivore’s Dilemma. He is a professor of journalism at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. Michael Pollan’s perspective on food is that we should know what is in it and where it comes from, who grows it and how. The theme of this book is the industrial revolution for food. Its purpose is to make awareness that our food is gettingRead MoreAbstarct. This Paper Will Review And Discuss Michael Pollan’S1444 Words   |  6 PagesAbstarct This paper will review and discuss Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma, A Natural History of Four Meals, which was named a New York Times best seller. Michael holds the prestigious title of the John S. and James L. Knight Professor of Journalism at Berkeley, as well as being a contributor to the New York Times Magazine. He also has the distinction of being named one of the one hundred most influential people in the world by Time magazine. The author will discuss the book, its references toRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Omnivores Dilemma566 Words   |  2 PagesOmnivores Dilemma Annotated Bibliography Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R., Walker, P. (2002). How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective. In this article, Horrigan agrees with Pollan that there is definitely a problem with using corn-based feed for animals who are to then be fed to human beings. Specifically, Horrigan examines both animal feed and the danger of other forms of pollution which have anRead MoreYou Are What You Eat1840 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction I didn’t start reading The Omnivore’s Dilemma with noble intentions of learning about the secrets of the food industry. I didn’t try to learn how they might affect our health and the environment. I didn’t start reading it because I wanted to know more about the organic-conventional debate. I only found it because I was looking for a book that would allow me to research irradiation for school (that didn’t happen). Even though The Omnivore’s Dilemma didn’t allow me to do that, it was anRead MoreThe Different Sections Of The Book The Omnivore s Dilemma 2173 Words   |  9 Pagesthe book â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma† embody the flawed system that America is currently facing, particularly the food industry. There is a limited understanding of what constitute an ideal meal, and process of prepping one. It could be that the information available are not clear and direct, or most consumers are choosing to overlook the lurking d angers behind the accessible food products. Either way, it is evident that most consumers have fell out of touch with knowing what they eat. The book providesRead MoreOmnivore’s Dilemma Chapter Review1326 Words   |  6 PagesOmnivore’s Dilemma Chapter Review In almost every culture, one of the most cherished pass times is food. We eat to sustain or health, to celebrate, to morn, and sometimes just to do it. Yet, how often do we question were that food comes from? Most everyone purchases their meals from the grocery store or at a restaurant but have you ever wondered where that juicy steak grazed? How about how those crisp vegetables? Where were those grown? The Omnivore s Dilemma, by Michael Pollan, analyzes the eatingRead MoreChicago1997 Words   |  8 Pagessee chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style. For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, click on the Author-Date tab above. Book One author 1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100. 2. Pollan, Omnivore’s Dilemma, 3. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006. Two or more authors 1. Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945Read MoreOmnivores Dilemma5066 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿ Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: The Secrets Behind What You Eat (Young Reader’s Edition) - Grade 7 Originally published in New York: Dial Books, 2009. Learning Objective: The goal of this two day exemplar is to give students the opportunity to use the reading and writing habits they’ve been practicing on a regular basis to unpack Pollan’s investigative journalism of industrial farms. By reading and rereading the passage closely combined with classroom discussion about it, studentsRead MoreEssay on Microcultures in Canada7105 Words   |  29 Pagesvictims of a campaign of mass extermination has not disappeared. Remembrance of the Holocaust and the struggle with its implications are not personal issues, but communal issues in the Jewish life, these commemorations can be found in museums, lectures, books, and movies (Abella). Canada is now home to the fourth largest Jewish community in the world after: Israel, USA and France. According to the 2006 census, 351 705 people reported being Jewish, with the largest number in Toronto-about 142 000. As

The Effects Of Alcoholism On A Young Girl Nichole...

On September 28th, I as well as my psychology class watched one of the most powerful documentaries I have ever seen. The documentary demonstrated a young girl Nichole struggling with the effects and consequences of alcoholism. Alcoholism is an excessive intake of alcohol consistently causing withdrawal when the intake of it reduces or stops completely. (cite this?) Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused substances in today s society. It is also the most underestimated. Alcoholism causes a wide range of long- term effects as well as short- term effects which could potentially be fatal if you don t seek medical attention like rehab or addiction therapy immediately. Alcohol dependence is the most extreme sort of drinking issue. There is no set number of beverages every day or amount of liquor that characterizes liquor abuse. A few addicts are great at concealing the degree of their addiction abuse, yet there is typically in any event some proof that something is not right. Loved ones are normally the ones who first end up mindful of the dependence, and they will usually in most cases get to be concerned. But not in Nicholes case. The most widely recognized response is for the someone who is addicted to then gotten to be cautious when these worries are specified. The indications of habit will be mental and physical in just the way one person acts. As many people drink alcohol at parties, social outings or sporting events but some people become dependant on it overtime,

Strategic HRM of Standard Distributors -Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report about Human Resource Management (HRM) issue affecting your Organisation. Answer: Introduction Standard Distributors Limited is on e of the leading organizations for retail home apparatus, gadgets, and furniture. The company with its eleven key areas in Trinidad and Tobago and two in Barbados keep on upholding its image of Never Beaten in Quality with incredibly famous brands and service. This report represents the strategic human resource management of Standard Distributors Limited organization. The report explains the recruitment and selection process of the company and describes the significance of strategic human resource management to the organization. The study explains the issues faced by the human resource division relating to preparing and advancing and provide recommendations in order to resolve the issues. The report also represents the relationship of the business strategy of Standard Distributors Limited and explains the positive and negative consequences of the methods. The main objective of this report is to explain the recruitment and selection of company and t o use the resources in a suitable manner in order to achieve the stated goals. Meaning of Strategic Human Resource Management According to Armstrong Taylor (2014), strategic human resource management may be defined as the act of inviting, creating, fulfilling, and holding representatives for the advantage of both the workers and company as a whole. In other words, strategic human resource management may be seen as the connection of human resources with having business goals and targets in order to increase the business performance and build an organizational culture which cultivates competitive benefits, flexibility, and technology. Within the organization, it implies to accepting and engaging human resource section as a strategic accomplice in the implementation and execution of organizational techniques, training and compensating staff. The theory of strategic human resource management incorporates typical human resource segment such as recruiting, training, and finance, and also engages working with workers in a collaborative manner a collaborative way to help maintain, enhance the nature of the work en vironment, a boost the common advantage for both the worker and the business. Standards Distributors Limited human resource department was handling human resource, and bolsters long-term organization objectives and results with a strategic general structure (CHUANG Liao, 2010). The management concentrates on longer-term resourcing problems within the context of recruitment and selection and the innovative method of work performing, and advises different human resources strategies, such as, performance and reward, identifying the company coordination inside the ordinary business techniques. Importance of Strategic human resource management to Organization According to Boselie (2010), a strategic human resource is to make sure that the management is completely coordinated with strategic planning, that human resource management adheres both crosswise over arrangement areas and across progressive systems and that human resource management approaches are acknowledged and utilized by line administrators as a major aspect of their consistently work. The significance of strategic human resource management to Standards Distributors Limited is explained as follows: Encouraged employees: The strategic human resource will motivate employees to perform their best and achieve the stated objectives in a desirable manner. The strategic human resource administration will measure the employee performance and also boost their motivation level. The human resource management will overlook the annual increment, representative of the month, and advancements are the strategies to value the dedicated representatives. These little efforts of management encourage employees and establish well-defined connections with representatives for the future reference. Advancement of the elastic labor force: The human resource management strategy should involve the exercises workforce improvement. The main human resource management of Standard Distributors Limited incorporates the arrangement to change the work into the adaptable way. Adaptability in worker's shifts, timetables, and work area enable representatives to perform in their own way. This kind of freely environment given to employees can create greater excellence in their performance and execution. Favorable working environment: According to Guest (2011), Strategic Human Resource Management motivates employees to create favorable workplace inside the company. The positive environment will inevitably acquire an increase in the representative's progressive and productive work chart of the company. The positive work environment will provide the ideal advantages in hierarchical viewpoints. Representatives empowerment: Strategic Human Resource Management grew more enthusiasm in worker conduct. The worker's advancement incorporates some few directions, instructional meetings and more motivational programs that will modify the representatives skills of the organization into more talented resources. These skills resources will be used as a part of future against business contenders. Function of Strategic Human Resource Management According to Lengnick-Hall et al. (2011), the core elements of key human asset administration are essential to overlook the practical organization of Human Resource. They concentrate to build up an empowering workplace, meet lawful necessities and significantly more key capacity. Recruitment and selection is the process of attractive, selection, and finding the suitable candidate in order to fulfill the given vacant position in the organization. The main purpose of this process is to identify the desirable and qualified applicant and to empower the talented applicants. Strategic management includes using selective and specific process of the entire business which includes the employment and determination procedure, and to make business more profitable in terms of growth and profitability. A manager of the organization has to focus on the following factors in the recruitment and selection in order to find the suitable candidates for the position of customer's service representative, P orters and warehouse staff is as follows: Recognizing Needs: Strategic management begins with identifying the requirements of the company both the present and future work requirements. Accomplishing the tasks and duties need the ability to differentiate the various jobs and roles need within the company to cater the current and future goals determined with the development. Once identified, understandable and brief job specifications and obligations can enable the company to recognizing the correct requirements with the aim to achieve the stated objectives. Selection Process: Selecting the suitable candidate need identifying the specific capabilities, information, and skills which organization seem for and want in a worker. This will regard to fundamental abilities and learn for the place in organization, a specific qualification, and the suitable candidate skills, such as preference to hire employees with high-quality morals and ethics theories. The another factor of recruitment and selection process comprises various aspects, such as, aptitude test, training, and personal interview to ensure the candidate skills which is necessary required in order to meet the abilities of the company as well as position. Considerations: Strategic management also contemplates various distinct plans to decrease price and ensuring sufficient members is available to complete the all the imperative activity and duties of organization, such as, the manager will take out the copy of job duties and reduce the price by merging occupation duties and reestablis hing the interior labor force. Various concerns include the replacement of merging workforce with the effective human resource management strategies of the company Diagram of Function of Strategic Human Resource Management Factors contributing to issues in Strategic Human Resource Management According to Van Buren et al. (2011), there are various basic difficulties inherent in the idea of Human Resource basic leadership that makes its key execution so difficult. The main factors that lead to creating the issues in the strategic human resource management of Standar Distributors Limited are explained as follows: Business employability: One of the strategic human resource issues in the present setting is the consistent upgradation of aptitudes and learning if a representative needs to always try to be employable by the business. Careers: The traditional approach to deal with business was that of life-long work. Todays reality is that job hopping. People always move from company to company for better prospects, given the tremendous number of chances. Training and development issues: The training and development need to have increased and are going to increase further also. If the management does not provide proper training to its employees, it will affect his overall performance. Need to change the issue According to Marler Fisher (2013), the improvement of leaders who can take care of issues is the establishment of a powerful administration for the Human Resources department. The customers require pioneers who can effectively help the company through an assortment of critical thinking and basic leadership challenges. The reasons for the changing the given issues in strategic human resource management in a Standard Distributors Limited are as follows: Workers fulfillment: A low confidence and weak engagement stage continuously is the sign of job dissatisfaction. Confidence and involvement are immaterial, hence, difficult to measure. However, employee satisfaction reviews are helpful in recognizing working environment that may be make representatives how excited and interested they are about the employment. For surveys to become truly viable human resource staff members of the organization should discuss about the results that brings and their assessment with the companys plans in order to develop actions get ready for supervisors and about the outcomes comes about and their examinations with the association's initiative to create activity get ready for supervisors and directors. Vital Partnership: Although workforce organization developed into human resource administration, numerous executive leaders representatives still observe the human resource department as a mere regulatory capacity of the business. Human resource management of the company must engage with establishing the companys vital direction, despite of the fact that the force back from leaders who are not prepared to involve human resource of the organization. Defeating protection from human resource become the main collaborator which need exhibiting the evaluation of the organizations particular resources that is the labor force and clarifying human resource roles role in developing the workforce. Consistency: Compliance with legitimate and state workers and business policies is a certain want for every company to survive. The fundamental idea of consistency is a region that advantages of human resource of Standard Distributors Limited need consideration. Human resource is at last in charge of ensuring that the organization knows about its commitments with respect to breaking even with business, workplace prosperity, employee benefit, working timings and salaries. Continuing with preparing and specialist development for human resource staff individuals are one way to deal with ensure they have up-to-date mode learning about consistency issues. Impacts of issues on other areas of Strategic Human Resource Management According to Bratton Gold (2012), the above-given issues also impact the other function of strategic human resource management such as employee relations, compensation, workplace safety, and effective leadership. The explanation on the following areas of strategic human resource management is as follows: Representative Relations: An Employee relation is a human resource discipline that can impact the company which is based on human resources members that is related with the company's experts and actions. The goal of employees relation is transparency that is to fortify the organization labor relationship. Swiftly addressing and resolving working environment issues, encouraging open and fair communication amongst employees and concluding that human resource management is a promoter for employees as well as company. The employee relations also have an influence on organizational culture. Remuneration: Standard Distributors Limited organizational culture might move toward becoming feed for work searchers all through the on the web and disconnected group if human resource builds up an incapable remuneration structure. Remuneration and advantages are imperative instruments for pulling in and holding ability (Wright McMahan, 2011). In the event, that organization is not paying specialists competitively or if there are profound divisions amongst official and staff pay hones, it can negatively affect the authoritative culture. On the other hand, if company human resource pay procedure incorporates remunerating representatives for their commitments, paying reasonable wages and giving thorough advantages, these influence the way of life decidedly. Working environment security: Employers have guaranteed that company provides employee security, risk free environment. Training on suitable safety measures, handling the issues in the organization is fundamental in order to ensure employee prosperity and success. The absence of workplace security plans and techniques realizes a circumstance where employee may feel weak, which becomes, negatively affects productivity and your organizational culture. Haier strategic human resource management According to Wright McMahan (2011), Haier Group Corporation is a Chinese collective multinational shopper gadget and home appliances company. The strategic human resource management of Haier includes building an open development framework to help the brand and market advancement. The generic strategy of the company is a range amongst separation and centered separation as opposed to low price. The organization built up a tremendous system of abroad deals, and part of IT, sustenance, fund, portable telephone assembling, and protection, pharmaceutical and another non-related expansion strategy. The organization has accomplished that through product differentiation, globalization and brand building. The company can resolve their issues by analyzing the external and internal environment of an organization such as SWOT and Porters analysis in order to deal with the issues and challenges in an effective way. Advantages and disadvantages of strategic human resource management According to David (2011), one of the world's most perceived and trusted brands, SEARS, is entering into an established business relationship in Trinidad and Tobago with Standard Distributors Limited, Trinidad's main quality brand in apparatuses, furniture, and hardware. The new establishment relationship will relate almost 200 years of skill in conveying a prevalent customer shopping knowledge. Standard Distributors Limited has 9 stores in Trinidad, 2 stores in Tobago and 2 stores in Barbados for the shopping comfort of our customers. This is a historic moment for Standard Distributors Ltd which started 66 years prior. Measures began the business advancement in Trinidad by presenting the idea of Hire Purchase, and we are currently taking that prompt new levels of brilliance by diversifying with Sears Hometown Stores. The following prons and cons of the method is explained as follows: Advantages: Assesses human resource strategy: The introduction of key human asset management is that the company's policies and systems related to employees and should fit into the representative's broader fundamental course of action. Establishing the relationship with the human resource and strategies has the unmistakable favored viewpoint of helping the organization to survey its present human asset approaches and to change obsolete or inefficient techniques with ones that propel an unrivaled workplace condition and agent relations. As the association surveys its human asset techniques, it can use the indispensable course of action's focuses and focuses to evaluate each administration strategy.. Group building: According to Peppard Ward (2016), strategic human resource management also encourages a emotion of coordination and fellowship within the organization. Standard Distributors Limited has vital vision will based on a efforts from a large scope of contributors which involves management, representatives, customers, and financial expert. Creating a human resource system lines up with this emotion of public communication and have the benefit of supporting the partners which is important to enhance their values for the organization. Disadvantages: Representative Privacy: Company representatives entrust supervisors with personal information. All information from Social Security numbers to private prosperity information and martial status escapes in the organization human asset organization structure. A couple of layers of organization may approach that information. Likewise, a non-organization delegate may participate in discount extortion and access a related laborer's sensitive data. Cost: One disadvantage of these systems is their cost. Standard Distributors generates almost 50 percent of its yearly sales for the Christmas period with its 345 employees. Establishment, setup and counseling can cost as much as it creates its products. The association can cut these expenses by getting a systematic facilitated framework and bring about expenses for preparing your staff in the utilization of the framework. Recommendations for strategic human resource management Each association is controlled by its employees. Therefore, compelling human resource strategies are basic to ensure profitability and greatest achievement.The following recommendation can be implemented in the function recruitment and selections of strategic human resource management are as follows: Recruitment and Selection Process: At Standard Distributors Limited, for dealing with recruitment and selection related issues, Standard Distributors Limited need to adopt a more pro-active approach. For recruiting candidates, an organization can make use of thorough job analysis. The job assessment will advantage supervisor in gathering sufficient data about a job profile and enable in getting the information about the jobs, duties, and obligations need from the performers. Training and development: Standard Distributors Private Limited can use various kinds of training and development programs in order to improve their performance. These attribute will understand the fundamental skills and capabilities of representatives, job descriptions, evaluate and assess the employee performance. Conclusion From the following report, it has been concluded that strategic human resource management makes the organization management strategies more effective with the new ideas and positive work environment keeping in mind the business strategies and requirements. Standard Distributors Limited can get the several benefits by making their human resource management strategies. The issue which is faced by an organization is discussed in this report and provides recommendations in order to have a strategic management in the organization. Standards Distributors Limited has to make their human resource management strategy which ensures that they will accomplish the desired level of performance in the industry. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Boselie, P. (2010).Strategic human resource management: A balanced approach. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. CHUANG, C. H., Liao, H. U. I. (2010). Strategic human resource management in service context: Taking care of business by taking care of employees and customers.Personnel psychology,63(1), 153-196. David, F. R. (2011).Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Freeman, R. E. (2010).Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press. Guest, D. E. (2011). Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers.Human resource management journal,21(1), 3-13. Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,21(3), 243-255. Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Van Buren, H. J., Greenwood, M., Sheehan, C. (2011). Strategic human resource management and the decline of employee focus.Human Resource Management Review,21(3), 209-219. Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C. (2011). Exploring human capital: putting humanback into strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Journal,21(2),

Politics Essays (506 words) - Anthropology, , Term Papers

Politics "The many of whom none is individually an excellent man, nevertheless can when joined together be better-not as individuals but all together-than those [who are the best], just as dinners contributed [by many] can be better than those equipped from a single expenditure." (Page 101) When it came to ruling the city, Plato believed that the best ruler would be the philosopher. That person who know what would be best for the citizens and the city as a whole. He did not trust the masses. He did not think they were capable of deciding what was best for themselves. Aristotle does not agree with Plato on this subject. He believes that when it comes to judging what is best for the city, it is better for many to decide than few. Plato believed the person that makes the decisions for the city should be educated on that matter. He believed that educating many people was impossible so in order for a city to be good, the most educated persons, such as philosophers, should rule the city. Aristotle believes that even if the masses cannot be educated or virtuous decisions made by many would be moderate. He believed that by having many people, it would rule out bad decisions. It is more likely for the many to be virtuous than the many to be beasts. He believes that is easier for a few to become corrupted than many. With only a few ruling, they could make bad decisions because something like anger or some other passion. It is hard for the many to experience this all at one time. Plato believes that the person ruling should be well educated. This person would make the best decisions for the city. What happens if the many want something that isn't best for the city? This is one of the greatest dangers in democracy. What if the many are to blinded by self-interest as individuals to realize that what they want isn't best for the city? In the US, few of us are well educated on music, but many of us judge it. I believe that sometimes that is the risk you have to take in a democracy. It is better to have many involved in judging than a few. People are going to want to decide what is best for themselves. It is human nature. In both Plato and Aristotle's cities, the citizens are educated to be virtuous. Their cities are built around the idea that the citizens are harmonious and educated. I believe that they should be given a voice. They should be trusted to decide what is best. I agree with Aristotle on the idea that many will produce a moderate decision. A city is based around the citizens. The type of place they live in is up to them, not to some higher authority. A city is not a city without citizens. If they want something that is not good for the city, than it should be their decision. They will deal with the problem when it arises. They will be must happier dealing with decision that is made by the majority of them instead of one person who is making the decisions.

Identify a real-life public relations campaign that attempted to put a positive spin on an otherwise negative situation.

Identify a real-life public relations campaign that attempted to put a positive spin on an otherwise negative situation. The ‚“Quit Now‚” is a public relations campaign which uses the stories of people who either quit smoking or had a bad experience with smoking. This campaign is run to make a national effort to help people who want to quit smoking. It is run by The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Both agencies want to put a positive spin on quitting smoking by implementing the negative message that people continue to die from, ‚“tobacco-related disease,‚” (nih.gov/news/pr/sep2006/nci-29.htm) and they feel they can help one can prevent this.The first thing that I noticed while viewing this campaign was how the Public Relations Program was put into effect. The first step of this program is information gathering. Quit Now had taken submissions from cigarette smokers by asking them why they wanted to quit, how they did quit, and what has happened to their health from smoking.English: The Centers for Disease Control a nd Preve...This organization then chose how they were to be planning on using this information , which is the second phase of the Public Relations Program. After they go over the submissions they plan to use these stories to communicate there message across the country. Quit Now will communicate the successful quitter‚s stories and the not so successful smoker‚s stories for television and radio spots to the country. This campaign has also implemented the fourth step of the Public Relations outline by giving people access to reports that are based on surveys which have evaluated the life rates of smokers versus people who have since quit smoking.The next thing I noticed about the Quit Now campaign was how they are using public relations online. Quit Now utilizes websites such as http://smokefree.gov, cancer.gov/cancertopics/tobacco and cdc.gov/tobacco/. These websites are used in an effort to help people quit by,

No More Sour Grapes

No More Sour Grapes Appreciation is a wonderful thing. It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well. ~ Voltaire You know you think it. An author you know lands a contract or sells an article. She achieves this great promo on a big blog or gets invited to speak at an event that overlooked you. And you feel sorry for yourself . . . and start rationalizing why they were not as worthy as you. Or that you are a better writer. I know you do, because Ive stumbled into that mindset. . . as recently as last week. And I slap myself. I believe in being happy for those enjoying success for the following reasons: 1) You feel better. 2) You can make the other person feel good with a compliment, which makes you feel better. 3) You can study what they did and learn from their success. 4) You can bring attention to yourself 5) That big karma in the sky can come around later and pat you on the back when this successful individual you once supported in their early days becomes able to thank you in return. When you stop and think about it, theres nothing to be gained from begrudging someone else for making a splash. You negate yourself all the above benefits I listed. There is absolutely no good reason whatsoever to look at a winner and not like him. One day and if you keep at it that day will come you will achieve commendation from an editor, a contest, a publisher, an agent, or some group that applauds your efforts. At that time, you would hope that others would bask with you in the glory. You love these people, and surprise, you want to reach out to them and help them in their struggles. Its called reaching back. Writers are connected. Sure, some are higher on the ladder than you. Sure, you wish you were on their rung. But you gain nothing disliking their status. Instead, be thrilled for them. Offer applause and verbalize support. Not only does this make you a better human being, but you also feel a more positive urge to try harder. You hope harder to meet your goals. And the universe eventually rewards you for it.

International competiveness and innovation Essay

International competiveness and innovation - Essay Example Globalisation is considered to be one of the most important events of the modern civilisation. It has brought major developments in the human activities as well in the thought process. This has made their thought process more liberal and innovative. People are using their innovative mind as a tool for economic and social enhancement. Innovation is a common trait among scientists and entrepreneurs who use this trait to bring social, technological and economic developments. Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas, concepts, thoughts that can be further be used for growth and developments. Primarily, innovation is categorized into two major types i.e. radical and incremental. Radical innovation involves the performance improvements of product or services and incremental innovation results in bringing improvements in production process like efficiency, cost-effectiveness etc (Urabe, Child and Kagono, 1998, p.4). Innovation is one of the core features of modern society and technolo gical improvement is a major outcome of this feature that boosts the growth of an economy. The changing technological system has influenced the entire structure of an economy. Modern technological system has led to upgradating international trade and business causing enhancement of economic parameters. Moreover, with the technological developments, many new industries have been evolving to meet the latest of population. On the other hand, the existing organisations also aim to implement latest technologies for shaping their performance for gaining an upper hand and sustainable competitive advantage in the market. Constant technological innovation has become an important criterion for social and economic development and due to this, proper awareness among the entire population is inevitable. People have to realize the importance of basic sciences as it develops a foundation for being innovative, creative and productive. R&D programs are initiated by the organisations seeking technolo gical developments and performance enhancements. 2. Collaborations and Alliances The business environment of the modern world is characterised by highly turbulent phases. With the advent of globalisation firms are increasingly trying to reach out to new consumer markets. Collaboration and alliances are largely used as a tool by business organizations to enter new markets. This strategy has largely been used by the airlines industries to form mega consortiums so as to gain strategic advantage. An example in this regard is the airline industry which has used collaborations and alliances for research and development activities. The major players in the American and European airline market which are dominating the global aerospace industry have used collaborations to enhance the level of research and development activities. In spite of the advantages of a strategy of collaboration and alliances, ‘spillover’ effects are also associated with this strategy. The ‘spillove r’ effect has largely been observed in technology intensive industry segments like biotechnology. However, the analysis of literature reveals considerable difference in the nature of ‘spillover’ in the aerospace industry with patents and licensing being the most prominent difference between the two sets of industries. Difference in demand and supply dynamics also generates considerable differences. The main sources of ‘spillovers’

Self reflection evaluation of standardized patient exams Essay

Self reflection evaluation of standardized patient exams - Essay Example Yes, I am pleased with the way I communicated during the interview. This is because I was able to maintain an eye contact and give the time for the interviewee to answer the questions. This is very critical in retrieving the information. However, if it happens again, I would start with simple questions in order to gain the trust of interviewee. In the video, two things that I did well are active listening and displaying appropriate empathy. These are skills that I learned during training. They were important in enabling me to get in-depth information from the interviewee. After watching video, I realize that if I was given another opportunity, I would train more and ask more questions with the SP. This is through reading more books and watching videos of effective interviews. This would enable me to learn more skills from other professionals. My main goal is to gain experience in the nursing career. I also intend to learn the bigger picture of the FNP role. This would be significant in enabling me to understand ways of serving the patients

Marcel Duchamps Fountain and the Dadaist Movement Essay Example for Free

Marcel Duchamps Fountain and the Dadaist Movement Essay This is a paper about the Dadaist movement and a work of art that is very representative of Dadaist philosophy: Fountain by Marcel Duchamp. The Fountain is one of the most controversial works of art ever. Many argued at the time that it could not be considered art. At first glance, it began as away to test the integrity of an art societys rules for how and what it would consider to be a work of art. It is more complex than this as will be shown. The controversy it raised also forced a re-assessment of the definition â€Å"art. † It embodied the Dada movements irreverence for the rules of a society that had gone mad. To understand Fountain in relation to the Dadaist movement, we must first understand Dadaism and why it emerged as a movement in the early 20th century. The history of Fountain and its creator will be told. Finally, these individual parts of the story will be assembled to give a complete picture of the significance of Fountain as work of modern art The First World War removed any glamorous or noble image of war that may have remained from the days before the mechanization and streamlining of the weapons of war. The death and suffering brought about the Great War had a great effect on soldiers and civilians alike. The number of people killed and wounded was terrible enough. It was the great numbers killed coupled with the lack of a reasonable explanation for sending young men to die or to lose a leg, or an eye, or an arm that perturbed the fragile psychological balance that virtually drove an entire society to the precipice of madness. Death permeated every aspect of life-like never before. Many questioned how a supposedly rational society could destroy itself in such a violent and irrational manner. A movement composed of artists, performers, and intellectuals called for a rejection of the social and artistic norms of the civilization that had brought about the horrors of WWI. The senseless killing proved that life was without meaning; at least it had no meaning for the architects of their world. The movement called for a new beginning that would bring meaning to life. The name of this movement was Dada. There are several explanations for the name. One is that â€Å"da-da† is a common first word said by babies (Adams 915).. â€Å"Dada† is also the French term for a wooden rocking horse. These references to young children symbolize the new beginning that the Dada movement called for in their manifesto (Adams914). Although Dada was a response to a grim situation, one of its characteristics was a lighthearted attitude. From this playful premise, another rationale for the name can be derived from the Slavic â€Å"da, da! † which of course means â€Å"yes, yes† (Adams 914). Yet another rumor claims it was taken from a randomly opened page of a French-German dictionary with the word â€Å"dada† in it. Perhaps the name has no meaning and it was just an arbitrary choice by some of the founding members. This explanation fits perfectly with the â€Å"anti-art† philosophy of Dada. They wished to shock the public into recognizing the absurdity of the Western world through their art (Frank 398). Jean Arp, a French artist, poet, and founding member of Dada summarized the movement with this: While the thunder of guns rolled in the distance, we sang, painted, glued, and composed for all our worth. We are seeking an art that would heal mankind from the madness of the age (qtd. In Frank 398). Artist Marcel Janco said: Dada was not a school of artists, but an alarm signal against declining values, routine and speculation, a desperate appeal on behalf of all forms of art, for a creative basis on which to build a new and universal consciousness of art (qtd. In Frank 397). They wished to remedy society in a way that was in direct opposition to the malevolence of war and destruction. They would heal society through benevolent art that was fun and creative. Fountain (1917) by Marcel Duchamp embodies much of the Dada movements irreverence for all traditional aesthetic values. It has an interesting story behind it. Duchamp was one of many artists that immigrated to New York from war-ravaged Europe. He was at the center of a controversy concerning one of his earlier paintings titled Nude Descending a Staircase in 1912. The painting is akin to time-lapse photograph of a nude woman walking down a staircase with each step superimposed on each other. It give the strong impression of movement; movement being a popular subject of interest by artists of the time. Duchamp was asked to remove the painting before it was to be exhibited at an exposition in France because the organizers of the show felt it was too â€Å"radical† and the public was not ready for such a painting (Camfield 20). Duchamp complied, but was dismayed at being the victim of censorship by an organization that professed to honor democratic ideals in their charter. This is important because this group, the French Independants, would soon have an American counterpart known as the American Independents Society. Duchamp never forgot the hypocrisy of being censored by the French Independants and when the American Independents Society was formed, he wished to test the fortitude of the democratic ideals it too claimed to cherish. The Independents founding principle was â€Å"no jury, no prize† (Camfield 22). This principle would, in theory, allow for a broad interpretation for what could be considered art and spur the great creativity in the creation of art by the Societys members. Submissions by artists that were to be displayed at expositions should have been accepted without being screened and possibly censored by a â€Å"jury† of any kind. Duchamp would submit, under a pseudonym, the work titled Fountain. The reason Duchamp chose to submit such an outrageous piece was not mainly to test the democratic principles of the Independents. Duchamp saw it as a way to inject a true work of Dada into the public view with the purpose of shocking them into recognizing the folly of Western civilization, a key aim of the Dadaist movement. Duchamp was known for the slight additions drawn or painted onto everyday objects or mass-produced replicas of famous art pieces and named them â€Å"Ready-Mades. † Duchamp combined his playful personality and sharp wit with his Ready-Mades. One of his famous Ready-Mades is L. H. O. O. Q. , a revised Mona Lisa in which he has added a mustache to the familiar face of La Gioconda originally painted by da Vinci 500 years ago. The title is meant to be phonetically the same as the word â€Å"look. † The letters are also an acronym in French standing for â€Å"She has a hot ass. † These demonstrates that Duchamps intent was to shock the observer while at the same time doing this with a good sense of humor. One of the greatest shocks the world was to ever receive from a work of art would be administered by Duchamps Fountain. To test the democratic strength of the Independents as discussed earlier, Duchamp submitted a porcelain urinal he purchased from a plumbing store shortly before the first exposition of the American Society of Independent Artists. The urinal was to be displayed upside down from its intended position, the name R. Mutt was inscribed on it, and it was christened with the title Fountain. It arrived a few days before the beginning of the show and it was judged by the â€Å"jury† that was not supposed to exist according to one of the founding principles of the Independents. Just as Nude Descending a Staircase was snubbed from being viewed a few years previous, Fountain too suffered the same indignity of being censored. Duchamp immediately resigned as a director of the American Independents in protest. It was not known until later that R. Mutt was really Duchamp. Fountain is significant in the context of the Dada movement because it was the opposite of anything that Western culture would dream of considering art. That was exactly the point of the movement when it began in Zurich, Switzerland as a response to the horrors of the mechanized death machine unleashed by the First World War. It also asked an important question: â€Å"What is Art? † Duchamp thought that the subjects of his Ready-Mades are as artistic the subjects chosen by a photographer because they are both about the choice of subject matter made by the artist. Photography was well established as an art form in Duchamps time. Why is his choice of subject matter any different from what the photographer chooses to capture on film? The only difference between a Ready-Made and a photograph is the medium in which the subject resides. Why Duchamp chose what he did to create Fountain is hard to discern from the contradictory statements made over the years until his death in 1968. William Camfield makes a good argument that Duchamp did not pick out the urinal at random as he sometimes implied in some responses to questions he was asked about any aesthetic considerations he took when the urinal was purchased. Camfield says: Turning from those late interviews back to 1917 and Duchamps work that preceded Fountain, we find not aesthetic indifference but an oeuvre of extraordinary visual and intellectual rigor. And Fountain fits in that oeuvre. Far from being the product of an impulsive decision to challenge the principles of the Independents, Fountain seems to be expressive of its creator, related to other work by Duchamp, and reflective of other art and the culture around him. (43) It makes sense that the style and creativity exhibited by Duchamp in the other works of art he created around the time of Fountain would be evident in a work that was much more than a last-minute random selection. Fountain seems to be very consistent with his other works during this period and casts doubt on the idea that he did it for anything less than to espouse the tenets of Dada; beliefs he was strongly committed to. Works Cited Adams Laurie S. , Art Across Time. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002 Camfield, William A. , Marcel Duchamp Fountain. Houston, Texas: Houston Fine Art Press, 1989 Cubitt, Sean. â€Å"Marcel Duchamp† Leonardo 35 (2002): 99-100 de la Croix, H. and Tansey, Richard G. , Art Through the Ages. New York: HBJ, 1975 Frank, Patrick, Artforms. New Jersey: Pearson, 2006 Goldsmith, Steven. â€Å"The Ready-Mades of Marcel Duchamp: The Ambiguities of an Aesthetic Revolution. † The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 42 (1983) 197-208 Molesworth, Helen. â€Å"The Everyday Life of Marcel Duchamps Ready-Mades† Art Journal 57 (1998): 50-61

Is Financial Compensation Beneficial Or Detrimental In An Empowerment E

Introduction What is an Empowerment ? Basically empowerment means giving the employee the ability to do their work, i.e. through the right training, the right environment, the right information, the right tools and the authority that they need. It is thought that by giving the employee increased power and responsibility that the employee will have increased motivation. Organisations have developed a number of new programs in which it is hoped that employees will have empowerment and so increased motivation. What is an Empowerment Program ? There are six different forms of empowerment programs. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Performance. This gives employees rewards in relation to their performance on the job. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gain Sharing. Employees are rewarded when performance targets are met. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). Employees are given shares in the company and so co-own the company which allow them to share in the improved profit performance. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lump-Sum Bonuses. Rewards are given to employees in a lump sum based on performance. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Knowledge. When employees learn new skills they are rewarded. This leads employees to learn new skills and so become more flexable within a company. vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flexible Work Schedules. Workers can set their own working times. Motivation Motivation is a force which pushes a person to take a particular course of action, i.e. being motivated to go to school, to get something out of it, be it, to learn new things or just to get a good job out of it at the end which will bring high earnings. A basic model of motivation is shown below: NEED  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BEHAVIOR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REWARD This shows motivation in action, from the previous example we can show that the need is the desire to learn or to get a good job, the behavior is to go to college or university and then the reward is gaining knowledge or a good job. There are two different types of reward ; intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic are rewards gained in performing an action, i.e. f... ...with his two factors that workers have a set of motivators that it is best to concentrate on as this will lead to more job satisfaction and so improved motivation, of these motivators none of these were financial rewards. Improving financial rewards will lead to less job dissatisfaction and not job satisfaction or improved motivation for the work. Taylor argues that workers are like donkeys and that money is the main motivation, this is because in the capitalistic world today money does make a lot of difference and as in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to satisfy the lower levels of the needs, money does make the difference and employees will be influenced by the amount of money that they can have, it will leave them feeling secure. Overall I feel that financial rewards can be very beneficial in an empowerment program and lead to job satisfaction which will lead to increased motivation from workers. Bibliography Management, Fourth Edition. Richard L. Daft. Business Information Technology, Systems, Theories and Practise. Geoffrey Elliot and Susan Starkings. The Practise of Management. Peter F. Drucker. Information Systems – A Management Prospective, Second Edition. Stephen Alter.

Explication of Adrienne Rich’s “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” Essay

Adrienne Rich did a wonderful job portraying the trials of abused and battered women in this poem. These trials could possibly be explained by Rich being the niece of Aunt Jennifer; therefore, personal feelings are exposed throughout the piece. The speaker speaks in an admiring, sincere, tone and her sympathy is apparent because she herself is a female. Rich’s poem, â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† is about the trials of an older woman in distress because her marriage is in trouble, and she is too afraid to leave her husband. The most apparent point in the poem is the ongoing contrast between the fictional tigers and Aunt Jennifer. The tigers represent a powerful character created by Aunt Jennifer through her needlework, which she uses as an escape. While the tigers move with certainty, â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen† (1). Aunt is nervous and afraid: â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool† (5). Webster’s dictionary defines flutter as a condition of nervous agitation. Aunt is agitated and in a hurry to create the image of the tigers to get her mind off of her husband. â€Å"Bright topaz denizens of a world of green† (2) creates a feeling of greenery which represents the living surroundings of the jungle where a tiger would be found. Line two shows the reader how Aunt describes the tiger’s home, while at the same time Aunt is in her home. The contrast is shown between Aunt Jennifer and the tigers through the attitude of the characters. Aunt Jennifer creates images of tigers because it gives a sense of protection against Aunt’s husband and all men in her eyes. â€Å"They do not fear the men beneath the trees† (3), speaking of the tigers for their brave stand against the men, whereas the Aunt is scared of the men: â€Å"The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band / Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand† (7-8). The ring is made of metal and is not physically heavy, for it symbolizes her heavy hardships she has had with her husband. She fears the men, but she feels better knowing the tigers are there to watch over her. The hand with the ring is also holding an â€Å"ivory needle† (6), which she uses to stitch the tigers. Ivory is thought to be pure and heavenly, and she is using the needle to knit an image that represents safety. The tigers and the ivory are being used as diversionary tactics to cancel out thoughts of Aunt Jennifer’s  husband. The poem in itself contains many literary devices that allow the reader to understand better what the author is trying to say. Alliteration is apparent throughout the entire poem. â€Å"Sleek chivalric certainty† (4) indicates the tigers are confident with themselves and fear nothing or nobody. â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering† (6) is an example of alliteration that shows the reader how seriously she wants to finish the artwork. â€Å"Prancing, proud† (12) gives the reader a sense of the power of the tigers and how much of a threat they can be. The repetition of the consonants in line six and line twelve emphasis how strong Rich wanted those lines to be heard. As the poem rolls on, the reader notices a rhyme scheme that is very simple and easy to follow. â€Å"Across a screen† (1) and â€Å"world of green† (2) are examples of the rhyme in this poem. The rhyme scheme continues AABBCCDDEEFF. â€Å"Tree† (3) and â€Å"certaintyâ €  (4) are examples approximate rhyme. Imagery is used to create the tigers, and symbolism created a character that Aunt Jennifer could never be. The third stanza speaks about what will happen when Aunt Jennifer passes away. â€Å"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie/ Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by† (9-10): Aunt Jennifer will lie in her deathbed wearing the ring that tainted her life. Until that day, she will keep finding things to get her mind off of her husband. â€Å"The tigers in the panel that she made/ Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid† (11-12): even when Aunt dies, the tigers she created will continue to conquer the men and will go on protecting all women who struggle the way she did. This twelve line poem is a representation of all women who are treated with disrespect. Adrienne Rich uses many different devices to draw out her poem just as she wants it. The vivid word choice used in every line is symbolic throughout the entire poem. Line by line, Rich explains how a certain woman uses her hobby to create a character used to block out her trials with her husband. The story contrasts the tigers with the men and how anything can be defeated.

Descriptive Essay “Betrayal”

The term â€Å"stabbed me in the back† is a recognized vernacular for someone who was betrayed. Well in my case I was â€Å"stabbed in the chest. † I knew how my cousin Ann could be and somehow I was still shocked that she would hurt me how she did. She was my best friend from the time I was eight to that dreadful night she nearly had herself killed. It is during this time that she changed from the person I knew; the outspoken, rebellious, fearless woman that lived life to the fullest and took no prisoners into an ignorant, selfish, two-faced she devil that would talk her best friend down to not look as bad as she really was.She had an air around her. Not quite arrogance, more of one who thought to be superior to others. Things were her way or none at all and even to me she held nothing back in her plans to get even. The night she got shot, her plans to get even, and the inevitable break from the family led to her ultimate betrayal of our friendship. Ann is not the kind of person to just let things go. She’s never content with letting bygones be bygones and move on. Needless to say she didn't keep many friends. But it isn't her begrudging nature that steered friends away from her.It is her deliberate acts of treachery and double crossing which became more and more apparent over time. Her comprehension of morality is lacking. And she also has no true understanding of restraint. She is the child punished for taking candy from a baby and in return she hits the baby. Because it's the baby's fault she was scolded so the baby must also be punished. She is cold and unsympathetic. Not a single care for the hardships she places on others. The delusions she creates of herself; a caring, altruistic, benevolent soul is actually a facade.It is her way to get your guard down and when the moment arises, she strikes with no reservation. For instance, she robbed, restrained, and beat her ex boyfriend for drugs and money simply because she wanted to punish h im for not leaving his girlfriend. She justifies her actions as results on another person's error. She is callus and conniving. Like a rabid she wolf, shifty and always on the attack. Her distasteful nature became so out of control even family began to distance from her and her deceptive ways. Somehow, she escaped with her life and did not end up dead in her apartment yet she still persists on the travesty of his actions.At first, I indulged her â€Å"poor me† attitude since I still loved Ann and wanted to comfort her. Eventually, her rants would end with more overdrawn rants but she flipped the script when she told me she had a plan to go back up to her ex’s for revenge. She is never one to let things go. She takes herself these destructive paths and leaves a mess all around her. Before she could even bring me into her plans I left and told her she’s on her own. Afterwards, she becomes irrational with anger. She starts calling me at work and texting me non-stop . She even became so desperate to call my parents asking them to send me over whenever they could.With the shooting incident and the unstable character of my cousin, my family forbid me from having any contact with her. It broke my heart because I wanted to be there for her. Nevertheless, she is not is a good place and wanted to bring everyone down around her. Though she knew her plans of revenge against her ex were foiled she, unbeknownst to me, decides to somehow bring me down. Four weeks later, I hear from Ann. I was eager and excited to hear how she was and how life back felt but I was sadly dissappointed when a drugged up Ann was slurring on the other line.Her haggard voice slurs out † You enjoying your happy perfect life? As long as you stay locked up at home like you do listening to your parents and not doing what you want. † Suddenly, Ann sounds clearer and she proceeded to chuckle into the phone. † You know I'll always look out for you. Not your parents an d not mine. Just me. So I took care of your problem with us not being able to see eachother. I called your parents told them what they needed to hear. You're a drug user. You like to sleep with lots of men and you steal from everyone. They need to kick you out so you can live with me.I made sure to make you sound real good. † I know it's all lies and I know my parents would never believe the drugged up rants of my cousin. However, it shattered me knowing my parents had to listen to those words. She knew how much I love my parents and how I strive to live up their expectations of me. Furthermore, by her telling me, she wanted me to know stabbed me in my chest. Then, she twisted the knife. â€Å"You deserve to feel judged. You are not special and I want to make sure everyone else knows you're just as bad as me. † The aftermath of that event was not a catastrophic as I had imagined.My parents both knew she was lying to make me look bad out of hate and jealously but I could tell the call still weighed on their minds. The mood was heavy. My parents were tired from the stress and I was broken by Ann's vindictive nature. It took a long time to recover from that. She had been my journal of life. I shared all my views, dreams, and secrets which she willingly through all away because she wanted to be spiteful. I never spoke to her much after that. She moved out of her mother’s house and into her boyfriend's apartment. Once her parents stopped giving her money and told her to start paying rent she left.It really made me see her for what she really is. A parasite. She hooks onto a host and takes in what nutrients she can. Finally, when she knows she can't get nothing more she moves on. Unfortunately, it is slightly different in my case. She grew with me. She festered in my heart and fed off my stories and my help and my love. It was all arsenals for her bags of tricks. So that day when she ripped herself out of my heart it hurt me deeply but now I know she is withering away with no one to latch onto and the once strong bridge she had with me is forever burned up and sealed for no entry ever again.A descriptive essay creating a dominant impression|exec|good|fair|imprv|0| INTRODUCTION ? 15 points| | build reader interest| | | | | | state a sound and clear THESIS STATEMENTpresent a dominant impression| | | | | | offer a single sentence summary of the main supports which maintain the dominant impression| | | | | | DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS ? 60 points| | contain topic sentences (main supports) connected to thesis to develop/enhance the dominant impression| | | | | | are unified around the topic sentence| | | | | | re fully developed with specific examples, details, explanations to reinforce the dominant impressions| | | | | | contain specific words to reinforce the dominant impression| | | | | | provide sentences that are clearly written| | | | | | GENERAL ISSUES -20 points| | use a consistent voice (NO ? YOU? )| | | | | | spell all w ords correctly| | | | | | increase coherence among sentences and paragraphs| | | | | | use commas and semi-colons correctly| | | | | | PERSONAL GOAL -5 points| | | | | | | | The personal goal is a composing issue that has challenged the writer previously

Anxiety and mood disorders essays

Anxiety and mood disorders essays Everyone experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a persons mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. There are three main theories to the cause of anxiety disorder, the Biological Theory, the Behavioral Theory, and the Psychodynamic Theory. The Biological theory indicates anxiety disorder is cause by a chemical imbalance in the brain from a build-up of stress, the use of drug and alcohol, or genetically from parents. The Behavioral Theory says this illness is cause by consistently learning to react negatively to events. The Psychodynamic Theory says childhood issues, such as trauma during childhood, are the causes of anxiety disorder. There are many effective medication treatments and psychotherapy treatments to anxiety disorder. However, the psychotherapy treatments are the better ways to treat anxiety disorder. Medication treatments have a few disadvantages. As oppose to the psychotherapy treatments such as the Behavior Therapy, the Cognitive Therapy, and the Relaxation Techniques, which are effective and beneficial. Medications can help to treat anxiety disorder; these medications generally belong to a chemical group called the benzodiazepines. They are widely used, safe, and effective, for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. Most often, they are taken as needed, when your anxiety becomes especially bothersome. but it is not the best treatment. Medications can only help to relief the symptoms of anxiety disorder by restoring the chemical imbalance that lead to the symptoms, but does not treat the cause of it. (Anxiety and Stress) Also, there are side effects to most medications, which can cause other symptoms. Medications can only help d...

Oasis Theory and the Origins of Agriculture

Oasis Theory and the Origins of Agriculture The Oasis Theory (known variously as the Propinquity Theory or Desiccation Theory) is a core concept in archaeology, referring to one of the main hypotheses about the origins of agriculture: that people started to domesticate plants and animals because they were forced to, because of climate change. The fact that people changed from hunting and gathering to farming as a subsistence method has never seemed like a logical choice. To archaeologists and anthropologists, hunting and gathering in a universe of limited population and plentiful resources is less demanding work than plowing, and certainly more flexible. Agriculture requires cooperation, and living in settlements reaps social impacts, like diseases, ranking, social inequality, and division of labor. Most European and American social scientists in the first half of the 20th century simply didnt believe that human beings were naturally inventive or inclined to change their ways of life unless compelled to do so. Nevertheless, at the end of the last Ice Age, people did reinvent their method of living. What Do Oases Have to Do With the Origins of Agriculture? The Oasis Theory was defined by Australian-born archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe [1892-1957], in his 1928 book, The Most Ancient Near East. Childe was writing decades before the invention of radiocarbon dating and a half-century before the serious collection of the vast amount of climatic information that we have today had begun. He argued that at the end of the Pleistocene, North Africa and the Near East experienced a period of desiccation, a period of an increased occurrence of drought, with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation. That aridity, he argued, drove both people and animals to congregate at oases and river valleys; that propinquity created both population growth and a closer familiarity with plants and animals. Communities developed and were pushed out of the fertile zones, living on the edges of the oases where they were forced to learn how to raise crops and animals in places that were not ideal. Childe was not the first scholar to suggest that cultural change can be driven by environmental changethat was American geologist Raphael Pumpelly [1837-1923] who suggested in 1905 that central Asian cities collapsed because of desiccation. But during the first half of the 20th century, the available evidence suggested that farming appeared first on the dry plains of Mesopotamia with the Sumerians, and the most popular theory for that adoption was environmental change. Modifying the Oasis Theory Generations of scholars beginning in the 1950s with Robert Braidwood, in the 1960s with Lewis Binford, and in the 1980s with Ofer Bar-Yosef, built, dismantled, rebuilt, and refined the environmental hypothesis. And along the way, dating technologies and the ability to identify evidence and timing of past climate change blossomed. Since then, oxygen-isotope variations have allowed scholars to develop detailed reconstructions of the environmental past, and a vastly improved picture of past climate change has been developed. Maher, Banning, and Chazen recently compiled comparative data on radiocarbon dates on cultural developments in the Near East and radiocarbon dates on climatic events during that period. They noted there is substantial and growing evidence that the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture was a very long and variable process, lasting thousands of years in some places and with some crops. Further, the physical effects of climate change also were and are variable across the region: some regions were severely impacted, others less so. Maher and colleagues concluded that climate change alone cannot have been the sole trigger for specific shifts in technological and cultural change. They add that that doesnt disqualify climatic instability as providing the context for the long transition from mobile hunter-gatherer to sedentary agricultural societies in the Near East, but rather that the process was simply far more complex than the Oasis theory can sustain. Childes Theories To be fair, though, throughout his career, Childe didnt simply attribute cultural change to environmental change: he said that you had to include significant elements of social change as drivers as well. Archaeologist Bruce Trigger put it this way, restating Ruth Tringhams comprehensive review of a handful of Childe biographies: Childe viewed every society as containing within itself both progressive and conservative tendencies which are linked by dynamic unity as well as by persistent antagonism. The latter provides the energy that in the long run brings about irreversible social change. Hence every society contains within itself the seeds for the destruction of its present state and the creation of a new social order. Sources Braidwood RJ. 1957. Jericho and its Setting in Near Eastern History. Antiquity 31(122):73-81.Braidwood RJ, Çambel H, Lawrence B, Redman CL, and Stewart RB. 1974. Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey1972. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 71(2):568-572.Childe VG. 1969. New Light on the Most Ancient East. London: Norton Company.Childe VG. 1928. The Most Ancient Near East. London: Norton Company.Maher LA, Banning EB, and Chazan M. 2011. Oasis or Mirage? Assessing the Role of Abrupt Climate Change in the Prehistory of the Southern Levant. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21(01):1-30.Trigger BG. 1984. Childe and Soviet Archaeology. Australian Archaeology 18:1-16.Tringham R. 1983. V. Gordon Childe 25 Years After: His Relevance for the Archaeology of the Eighties. Journal of Field Archaeology 10(1):85-100.Verhoeven M. 2011. The Birth of a Concept and the Origins of the Neolithic: A History of Prehistoric Farmers in the Near East. Palà ©orient oasis37(1):75-87. Weisdorf JL. 2005. From Foraging To Farming: Explaining The Neolithic Revolution. Journal of Economic Surveys 19(4):561-586.Wright HE. 1970. Environmental Changes and the Origin of Agriculture in the near East. BioScience 20(4):210-217.

Scientific journal (Nuclear Medicine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scientific journal (Nuclear Medicine) - Essay Example he application of the methods may facilitate the noninvasive imaging of therapeutic tumor responses to specific drug treatments to provide a reliable index of their potential efficacy and as a monitor of mechanisms of action in the selective destruction of tumor cells. The research article discusses the potential for the expanded use of quantitative PET molecular imaging to assess the efficacy of novel targeted therapeutics in the treatment of cancer. The use of radiolabelled biomarkers serves as a molecular tag which can be traced using PET imaging tools to delineate the molecular interactions between a targeted drug and the tumor cells destined for destruction. The implementation of the molecular tools allows researches to determine whether the drug effectively interacts with its selected target and the concentration of drug that actually reaches the tumor site following drug administration. Non-specific interactions of the drug with non-tumor tissue may also be assed using this methodology. The authors reviewed the results of several clinical trials of this methodology used to assess the efficacy of several important new classes of targeted chemotherapeutics, including protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (PTKIs) and epidermal growth factor recep tor (EGFR) ligands. In the latter case, several drugs approved for cancer treatment by the US FDA, including lapatinib, gefitinib ,and erlotinib, were assessed using this nuclear medicine application. Each of these drugs has produced equivocal results in patients with lung cancer and other tumors that overexpress the EGFR. Several research trials involving labeled chemotherapeutics were cited and data presented indicated that in some cases, reliable data were produced by this nuclear medicine molecular assessment approach. The authors have presented a compelling theoretical argument to support the use of PET imaging technology in the molecular assessment of therapeutic responses to targeted cancer drugs. This

New Restaurant in Summerlin Area, Las Vegas Term Paper - 2

New Restaurant in Summerlin Area, Las Vegas - Term Paper Example The strength of the project lies in its concept. At the same time, the promoter has limited experience in the field. This need not be considered as a drawback, because he is backed up by his family which has rich experience in the business for more than a decade. The various communities in the area need changes and varieties in restaurants in tune with the changing lifestyles. The business in a niche market segment with limited competition has the potential to grow in the long run with a chain of restaurants of the same type. However, unless the company establishes its quality and service levels within a year, other existing companies in the restaurant sector will encroach into this segment. The main objective is to provide a different restaurant experience to the clients by providing quality food which differs in taste and flavor compared to the food provided by others. To make the service more efficient, online booking and door delivery system will be put in place. This is also expected to reduce the crowd level within the restaurant. Providing food at a reasonable price needs a cost-effective procurement policy. Maintaining the highest level of standards and efficiency in operations to achieve the above objectives and build-up reputation, in the long run, are the overall objectives.  The strategic management decision involves selection of a suitable location and a building for the restaurant based on various factors such as the size of the building, approach roads, and parking area.   The interior work and other infrastructure facilities for kitchen, dining halls, and reception should be made within 3 months to prevent others from pursuing the same idea. Arrangements will be made for procurement from the established suppliers who are already supplying to similar restaurants in other cities.   Thereafter, the establishment of an online and door delivery system should be undertaken.  

List 5 notable strikes and the following factors Essay

List 5 notable strikes and the following factors - Essay Example However, during this period beginning 1890, the business started experiencing an economic downturn, as were other manufacturing companies, whereby the market price of steel products went down thereby reducing the amount of profits. As a result, the general manager, Henry Frick, proposed a plan to reduce the cost of production by lowering wages and forcing workers to break ranks with the AA, which did not go down well with the workers (Krause, 1992). Without AA’s presence, Frick felt that he would be in full control of the human resources. As a result, the employees embarked on a strike, which lasted for approximately 4 months. The workers, during this period, were involved in an armed conflict with the Pinkertons, who were armed men hired by Frick to suppress the strikers, a conflict which contributed to the death of 9 workers and 7 Pinkertons while several others suffered bullet injuries. At the end of these confrontations, the workers were defeated and they had to accept the terms set down by Frick in order to be allowed to continue working in the company while the leaders of the strike were fired and subjected to court proceedings though no one was sent to prison (Krause, 1992). The Pullman Strike of 1894 As stated earlier, the early 1890s was a period of economic downturns and most of the industries were affected (Salvatore, 1999). The Pullman Palace car Industry, based in Pullman, Illinois, was one of those companies, which suffered reduced revenues as a result of low demand for their products, which basically included train cars. As a counter measure, the management decided to cut wages and thereafter gave deaf ear to the workers complaints, which included low wages, overworking and high cost of living. As a result, more than 3000 employees of the company decided to go on strike, which was later supported by the American Railway Union, which significantly increased the number to more than 100000 individual members from 26 states, who were advised t o boycott any operations that involved cars from the Pullman industry (Salvatore, 1999). This is a strike which begun on May 11, 1894 to August 2, 1894. The reason for the conclusion of the strike was that the then president Cleveland sent in federal and state troops to crush the strike specially because it was interfering with the deliver of mail and this had begun to disgust the general public, who were shifting their support to the government. The Union leaders were arrested while more than 20 workers lost their lives in the process. Pullman employees tried to negotiate for an unconditional reinstatement to their former positions but the management refused to accept and instead forced them to sign contracts, which forbid them from joining any labor unions failure to which they would lose their jobs. The workers, while on strike, contributed to the destruction of property and loss of revenues especially for the railway line approximated to more than $4 million as per the then valu e of the dollar. The workers also lost more than $1 million in terms of wages not forgetting the magnitude of human labor dedicated by the security organs to crush the strike (Salvatore, 1999). Textile Workers Strike of 1934 The Textile Workers Strike of 1934 was an event in the US history, which was organized by the United Textile Workers of America (UTW), a union whose membership

Richards Perspective On Clt And Teaching Conversation English Language Essay

Richards Perspective On Clt And Teaching Conversation English Language Essay Majority of language instructors presume CLT as teaching conversation, an absence of grammar or an emphasis on open ended discussion activities (Richards 2003) while according to what Jack C. Richards mentioned in his communicative language teaching today CLT can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kind of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom. This vapid insipid thought, however, should not be regarded as plausible. Flashing back to the early days of CLT, we see it as an offspring of Audio-lingual Method although it had its focus shifted from behaviorism to real learners needs. On the other hand, looking at its new up-to-date version, we see a great shift from meaning-form based to be totally meaning based. That is why Richards concretely explains CLT as letting the learner grab the language through using it to do things rather than through studying how language works and practicing rules or people learn a language through communicating it. Richards named these two versions of CLT. He asserted that the first one is classical CLT, starting from 1970s to 1990s and the latter one is current CLT. He called all the previous methods Traditional approaches. This study examines the first two methods with a brief introduction on the third one. Traditional Approaches (up to late 1960s) Traditional approaches is a term used by Richards to refer to approaches like ALM or structural-situational approach; also known as situational language teaching. The entire curriculum in these methods shed lights on grammar, that is, every aspect of a language class, from teaching to evaluation, revolves around grammar and its appropriate use in appropriate context. Although traditional methods have some parts in accordance with the current culture and they use dialogues as a prominent exercise, all the parts are for the purpose of mastering the grammar not for reaching communicative competence-using the appropriate language in the real context. To clear everything up lets walk through approach: 1.Students first hear a model dialogue (either by the teacher or on tape). In this procedure students are introduced to the new grammar rule with reminding the previous forms studied via a cultural text. After listening to the dialogue students are supposed to repeat each line after the teacher or the tape. The instructor here pays careful attentions to pronunciation, intonation, and fluency .corrections are immediate and direct even if they interrupt the flow of speech. 2. Key words of the dialogue are changed repeatedly through practice-with actually keeping the grammar rule the same- to help the learner stick the grammar rule in to their mind. 3. Some selected grammatical rules will be the focus of the following exercises. These exercises are structured on the basis of over repetition to make the grammar a part of subconscious mind. That is using it spontaneously when its needed. All the exercises are controlled to ban any type of possible mistake; actually, creativity is not welcomed at all in these methods. Some grammatical explanation may be offered at this point, but this is kept to absolute minimum. 4. After oral exercises come the written ones. Students may be referred to their text books to have some reading, writing or vocabulary activities on the basis of the dialogue presented. 5. Further practice to thoroughly master the form is done in the language laboratory. In sum Richards brings up the P-P-P lesson structure: Presentation: is actually the presentation of the new grammar point inductively. The instructor explains the new structure and makes sure of students comprehension of it. Practice: In a controlled context students practice the use of the grammar point. Production: In a much freer context, and yet controlled, students à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬with the teacher`s monitoring-use their own c1ontent or information for furthered practice, in order to develop fluency with the new pattern. All these syllabus designs lead to great accuracy at the cost of loosing fluency. However, under the influence of CLT all the form-based methodologies are modified to be in sync with communicative competence .this fluency-first pedagogy have accuracy activities such as such as grammar practice been replaced by fluency activities based on interactive small-group work. This approach paves the way for Richard`s Classic Communicative Language teaching. Classic Communicative Language Teaching (1970s to 1990s) This method was a reaction to traditional ones modifying them by the insertion of Communicative competence. As explained in Richard`s applied linguistic dictionary, the term communicative competence is broken down to 4 parts: Grammatical competence: that is the knowledge of the grammar, vocabulary, morphology and phonology of a language. GC was of highest importance in all traditional methods. It is argued in CLT that communicative competence and not simply grammatical competence ,should be the goal of language teaching Sociolinguistic competence: according to Richard`s Dictionary of Applied Linguistics it is Knowledge of the relationship between language and its nonlinguistic context, knowing how to use and respond appropriately to different types of speech acts, such as requests, apologies, thanks, and invitations knowing which address form should be used It is highly associated with interlocutors age, sex, and ethnic groups. Traditional grammatical and vocabulary syllabuses and teaching methods did not include information of this kind. It was assumed that this kind of knowledge would be picked up informally. Discourse competence: the knowledge of knowing how to begin and end conversations. Strategic competence: the communicative strategies used for covering the weakness in conveying the message in communications. In former methods, i.e. traditional grammatical and vocabulary syllabi, there is no trace of these kinds of information. They were believed to be learned informally. However, Richards (2003) argues that communicative competence and not simply grammatical competence should be the goal of language teaching. He added some more practical aspect of language use to this new method to make it more tangible: Purposes for which the leaner wishes to acquire the target language The setting in which the student want to use the target language Role of the learners, for instance, as a traveler, as a sales person talking to their clients. Communicative competence: everyday situations, vocational or professional situations, academic situations and so on. ( 2003) Language functions: what the learner will be able to do with or through language Discourse and rhetorical skills He also added grammatical content and lexical content to make his method comprehensive He defined two types of syllabus: skill-based syllabus, functional syllabus. In the first one the main focus is on four skills -speaking, reading, writing, and speaking- this one sort of covers ESP (English for specific purposes) in a way that it gives each skill its specific look by the use of needs analysis. Usually it overcomes the differences in vocabulary choice, grammar, functions, and particular skills. The latter one, however, consider the functions the students should be able to carry out in English. This syllabus best suits speaking and listening courses. Current communicative language teaching ( from 1990s up to current time) This new up-to-date version of CLT mainly focuses on students needs and learning. According to Richards this method is a set of agreed upon principles that help the learner acquire the language with the respect of social nature of learning. They usually give more attention to unity of language through current methodologies of communication and interaction. In short, it could be said that giving more attention to psychological aspects of learning led to the emergence new CLT.

Essay --

Emerging Technology and Graphic Design Research Paper Waianae High School Team Members: Catherine Cannon Marina Leota Advisor: Michael O’Connor Principal: Disa Hauge 85-251 Farrington Highway Waianae, HI 96792 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Target Audiences and Technology 3 Social Media and Graphic Design 4 Reaching Target Audiences 6 References 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper is about social media and mobile connectivity and its importance to graphic designers in the aspect of being able to reach growing demographics. Technology has helped expand businesses benefitting them in the long run. As technology advances, it not only appeals to a younger audience but an older audience as well. Social media is known as the most effective way to communicate with everyone. Within social networks, graphic designers are able to promote not only themselves but the business as a whole by creating eye catching images. Newer technology being released such as tablets or more advanced cell phones can also help graphic designers experiment with varying art styles and other ways of connecting with their target audience. Through both technology and social media, with its variety of online and mobile users, graphic designers are given a stepping stone to connecting with growing demographics and to expand their consumers. To reach their audience, a graphic designer must not showcase just their work, but their ability to communicate and relate as well. 2 TARGET AUDIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Demographics connected to technology and social media are growing everyday, ranging in gender, race and age, thus making it all the more easier for businesses to connect, reach and earn clients. Growing businesses and freelance artists would surely benefit f... ...Popescu, Adam (2013, April 12). Just Who Uses Social Media? A Demographic Breakdown. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2013/04/12/social-media-demographic-breakdown/. Date retrieved 2014, Feb 10. Repographics, Carolina (2013). The Importance of Graphic Design in Social Media. Retrieved from http://www.carolinarpg.com/raleigh-graphic-design-for-social-media/. Date retrieved 2014, Feb 10. Smith, Brianna (2013, May 10). Best Times to Post on Social Media (infographic). Retrieved from http://socialmediatoday.com/brianna5mith/1453951/best-times-post-social-mediainfographic. Date retrieved 2014, Feb 10. Widrich, Leo (2013, May 2). Social Media in 2013: User Demographics for Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and Instagram. Retrieved from http://blog.bufferapp.com/social-media-in-2013- user-demographics-for-twitter-facebook-pinterest-and-instagram. Date retrieved 2014, Feb 10. 9

Computer Rentals Essay

[1.a] Using the dimensions we discussed in class, how would you describe Mitchell Gold Co.’s strategic position? Mitchell Gold competes by offering high quality products at a lower price than most makers of similar quality furniture. They offer limited variety in comparison to other makers, which allows them to be more responsive and deliver orders in a timely manner (97% on time shipment). [1.b] Consider the following description of another furniture maker’s (Invincible IPF) business: The standard product line has about 500 different items, with many of the pieces starting as stock, unfinished wooden frames imported from Europe. But the finished furniture can be as different as the imaginations of the designers, with 60 different standard finishes for the wood and an almost unlimited selection of upholstery provided by designers. †¦ Because each piece is hand finished by rag and brush and made to order, the process can take 12 weeks or longer, with one custom-made entertainment cabinet nearing completion after almost six months. (The Record, Bergen County, NJ, 12/09/2001) How would you anticipate that Mitchell Gold’s production processes differ from those of Invincible IPF? Be sure to discuss the nature of the production equipment and the placement of inventory. MG offers less variety and has greater volume than Invincible. Consequently, MG likely uses more specialized equipment while Invincible has primarily general-purpose equipment. Since designers provide upholstery provided for custom orders, Invincible should have little raw material and no finished goods. MG likely has higher raw material and finished goods inventory. Given the long flow times, Invincible likely has much higher WIP levels. Question 2 [2.a] In The Goal, Jonah asks Alex 3 questions: Did your throughput increase? Did your inventories decline? Did your process cost decline? Define each of the three italicized terms for a process and explain why a positive answer to each of the three questions may be classified as an improvement. Throughput corresponds to the rate at which flow units flow through the process. Throughput in general should correspond to sales not production. If the product has a positive margin, an increase in throughput increases positive cash flows. Inventories correspond to the number of flow units within process boundaries. Decreasing inventories decreases the amount of working capital required. It also decreases any reduction in inventory value due to obsolescence. Process cost refers to the cost incurred in transforming inputs to outputs. A reduction in process cost increases margin and thus profitability. [2.b] Many enlightened firms have made flow time reduction a key objective. Discuss under which conditions a reduction in flow time improves performance of a process in terms of the modules we have discussed: 1. strategic & competitive impact: Reducing flow time allows a firm to target customer segments that may want a faster response. It also allows a firm to be more responsive to volume and taste changes of the customer. 2. impact on financial flows: Cash is tied up as working capital for a shorter amount of time. 3. impact on critical path: The critical path gets shorter. 4. impact on bottlenecks: Bottleneck capacity may go up only if the flow time at the bottleneck is reduced. 5. impact on lean operations: Generally allows a firm to operate with lower levels of inventory. Also shortens the time lag between introduction and detection of defects. [2.c] List three ways to increase the capacity of a process. Consider the likely relative cost of implementing these changes and present them in order from cheapest to most expensive to implement. Explain the rationale for your ordering. Option 1:Decrease work at the bottleneck resource (e.g. by moving QC before bottleneck) Option 2: Move work from a bottleneck to a non-bottleneck resource. Option 3:Add to the bottleneck resource Rationale: Moving QC before the bottleneck is a very simple change that eliminates work even if quality does not improve. Moving work from a bottleneck to a non-bottleneck resource requires training and changed capability at the non-bottleneck resource. Adding to the bottleneck clearly requires additional investment. Question 3 The three hair stylists, Francois, Bernard and Mimi (FBM) run a Fast Service Hair Styling Saloon for busy professionals in the Gold Coast area of downtown Chicago. They stay open between 6:45 AM – 9:00PM in order to fit to a large variety of people’s work schedules. In their fast service location, they perform only shampooing and hair styling activities. On average, it takes 10 min to shampoo, 15 min to style the hair and 5 minutes to bill the customer. The store layout is shown below. It consists of a shampooing area, which can accommodate 3 customers at a time and a styling area with 4 desks, which have fully integrated hair-modeling equipment.

Harley Davidson Case Study Essay

Harley Davidson, established in 1903, is the largest manufacturer of motorcycles in the United States. While Harley Davidson dominates the moto market in the United States, it is very small compared to the international market which is infiltrated with large Japanese firms such as Kawasaki, Honda and Yamaha who produce various categories of motorcycles. Harley Davidson has deep rooted brand equity in the United States and remains loyal in it’s style. It has also remained consistent in manufacturing only heavyweight motorcycles. By showcasing only a single model type, Harley Davidson has established itself as a leader in the United States market. Other international markets, especially Europe and Asia, produce many lines of sports motorcycles (street bikes, scooters etc), as this meets the demands of these markets. Harley Davidson classifies their bikes into three main heavyweight categories (1) Touring Bikes, (2) Custom Bikes, and (3) Sportster Bikes. More than half of Harley Davidson’s revenue is generated from sales from within the United States, with a much smaller presence in Europe, Asia and Latin America. Harley Davidson has tried unsuccessfully to acquire additional motorycle companies twice since its origination but ultimately has continued to keep its product lines simple and focused around a few primary products. Description of Data and Sources Initialal research was conducted on the history of Harley Davidson Motorcycles by researching their website. Data was then obtained from a variety of sources including industry journals, annual sales reports, and company websites. By comparing sales and annual (10k) reports to those of its competitors, we were able to determine market patterns and explain the market structure in which Harley Davidson Motorcycle competes. Sales reports compared units sold by the Harley Davidson , as well as competition among firms internationally displayed by the type of bikes sold and in which geographic areas. Explanation of Methods In order to establish initial market structure and competitiveness, we collected data on the total units of Heavyweight motorcycles sold in 2012 in the United States. We gathered data on the numbers of units sold by Harley Davidson’s top three competitors, which we learned were Honda, Kawasaki and Yamaha, respectively. In order to establish a price per unit, we took the median price of each firm’s heavyweight inventory and then took an average based on these figures. The number of units sold multiplied times average price per unit gave us an accurate reflection of over sales for 2012 when cross referenced with annual report data. Our data had some limitations as some firm’s data did not highlight units sold or sales revenue from the heavyweight market. We had to deduce and infer with the data we were given. Another limitation in data collection came when gathering information about price mark up and marginal cost. We sought information from industry experts who had insight in this area. Analysis and Results The C4 four-firm concentration ratio of .880 indicates that there are only a few firms who produce most of the industry’s output. The heavyweight industry is highly concentrated. Most of this industry’s output is produced by Harley Davidson, Honda, Yamaha and Kawasaki. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is 3,586 out of 10,000. This suggests that there are multiple firms in the industry who consume a considerable part of the market share. The top four firms account for almost 40% of the market. This number would deter an investor when considering a possible merger. Demand and Pricing Structure/Lerner Index The Lerner Index for a Harley Davidson is .25 and the mark-up is 1.3. HD charges a price 25% over the marginal cost or 1.3 times the actual marginal cost. In other words, for each dollar paid from the consumer towards the purchase of a new motorcycle, $.25 is markup. Market Structure Harley Davidson (HD) Motorcycles have many different aspects that contribute to the market structure, specifically the classification of motorcycles by size, the number of firms in the market both national and international, brand equity merchandising which includes entry to the apparel, accessories and licensing markets, barriers to entry and various merger attempts in the past. HD Motorcycles are classified into heavyweight classes such as Touring, Custom, or Sportster. In 2011 Touring motorcycle accounted for 92,002 bikes out of a total of 233,117 bikes sold for Harley Davidson (Harley Davidson Inc., 2012). Second leading in sales were Custom bikes at 91,459 bikes (Harley Davidson Inc., 2012). Overall, Harley Davidson sold 152,180 units in the United States and 80,937 units internationally for FY 2011 (Harley Davidson, Inc., 2012). In international markets Harley Davidson sold 83,505 units compared to 151,683 units in the United States (Harley Davidson, Inc., 2012). Outside of the United States, sales in Europe and surrounding regions were the second largest region for Harley Davidson with 44,340 units sold in 2011 (Harley Davidson, Inc. 2012). Units sold in the Asian Region came in third at 21,416 units, and the least number of units sold for Harley Davidson was in the Latin American Region, at 7,247 units. All regions saw an increase in the number of units sold from 2010 to 2011 but the United States still remains responsible for 68% of total units sold (Harley Davidson, Inc., 2012). In 2012 HD experienced continued growth as they sold 145,391 units globally in the first 6 months; this is a 9.3% increase from the year before. Retail sales also increased by 12% in the US with a 16.5% increase in Asia/Pacific and a 58% in Latin America (Harley Davidson, Inc., 2013). Harley Davidson has seen steady growth in recent years. Harley Davidson has not always sustained yearly growth. As the economy was slowing slipping during the recession of 2008, Harley Davidson was forced to make some decisions in order to survive. In 2009 Harley Davidson announced they would discontinue the Buell Motorcycle brand from their line to focus all of their resources on producing their primary products in order for Harley Davidson to stay afloat (Crowe, 2009). In 1994 Harley Davidson became a 49% owner in Buell Motorcycle Company, a company that was founded by a former Harley Davidson engineer, Erik Buell (Autoevolution, 2013). In 1998, four years after entering business together Harley Davidson purchased an additional 49% of Buell Motor Company leaving the creator with only 2% ownership (Autoevolution, 2013). Harley Davidson would continue operating with Buell motorcycle brand for the next eleven years creating over 17 models of innovative motorcycles, however in 2009, as profits decreased, HD made a decision to end business with Buell. In 2008, during these same difficult economic times, Harley Davidson acquired an Italian motorcycle company MV Agusta for $109 million hoping to increase sales and market expansion overseas in an area dominated by Japanese competitors (Barrett, 2010). Shortly after acquisition the market tanked and Harley Davidson had recorded $162 million in losses with the MV Agusta line (Crowe, 2009). The relationship lasted just over a year before Harley Davidson decided to sell the brand in 2009, at the same time it discontinued its relationship with Buell. Finally, accessories and licensing sales is another segment of the market heavily dominated by Harley Davidson. During the economy crash while bike sales slowed revenue generated from the sales of apparel and merchandise helped to contribute to the overall bottom line for Harley Davidson. In 2012 $69.3 million was generated from the sales of general merchandise trademarked as â€Å"MotorClothes† was up 12.8% from FY 2011 (Harley Davidson Inc., 2012). Summary and Conclusion Although Harley Davidson dominates the market in the United States, it has been the smallest in Europe and the 4th in Asia/Pacific region which is dominated by Japanese brands. One reason for Harley’s smaller market share in the Europe and Asia region is that the company cannot produce enough motorcycles to meet the demand and its prices tend to be higher than competitive models. Shortages of Harleys lead many consumers to purchase competitive bikes as there are 2-year waiting lists for some Harley models (â€Å"Company spotlight: Harley-Davidson†). This would lead us to believe that Harley Davidson acts as a leader in a Stackelberg Oligopoly as it chooses its level of output in the market. In the United States Harley Davidson is one of a few firms that create motorcycles for touring or cruising. Harley Davidson produces differentiated products and remains the leader in selling them. Competitor firms such as Honda and Yamaha sell a significantly smaller number of motorcycles in the US markets compared to Harley Davidson. Barriers to entry have been exemplified by companies such as Polaris and Triumph who have tried to enter the market but remain at 2-3% of market share. Market Percentage In United StatesUnits Sold (in K units)Revenue (in M $) Harley Davidson57%161$2,500 Honda17%48$744 Kawasaki9%25$587 Yamaha5%14$217 Other12%34$527 References Autoevolution. (2013). Buell Brand History. Retrieved from http://www.autoevolution.com/moto/buell/history/ Barrett, R. (August, 2010). Harley Davidson takes beating on MV Agusta. Retrieved from http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/business/100759404.html Company Spotlight: Harley-Davidson Motor Company. (2006). MarketWatch: Global Round-up, 5(10), 14-19. Crowe, P. (November, 2009). Harley Davidson and Buell – Unfinished Business. Retrieved from http://thekneeslider.com/harley-davidson-and-buell-unfinished-business/ DATAMONITOR: Harley-Davidson, Inc. (2011). Harley-Davidson, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-9. Delmont, J. (2013). LEANING INTO THE CURVE. Dealernews, 49(1), 20. Harley Davidson, Inc. (January, 2012). Harley Davidson Earnings, Retail Motorcycle Sales Shows Continued Strength. Retrieved from http://investor.harley davidson.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=87981&p=irol-newsarticle&ID=1651657 James B. Kelleher, R. (2013, June 30). Harley-Davidson looks beyond the aging white male. St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) M.L. Johnson The Associated, P. (2013, June 10). Stripped-down Harley-Davidson rebounds from recession. Charleston Gazette (WV). Motorcycle Daily (August, 2010). Victory Motorcycle First Ride. Retrieved from http://www.motorcycledaily.com/2010/08/2011-victory-motorcycles-md-first-ride/ Motorcycle USA. (February, 2008). Victory Motorcycle History. Retrieved from http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/690/2587/Motorcycle-Article/Victory-Motorcycle-History.aspx Muller, J. (2013). Return of the Indian. Forbes, 191(1), 36-38. (2013, February 14). StockCall Study on Polaris Industries and Harley-Davidson: Recreational Vehicle Companies Raise Dividends. PR Newswire Europe.