Identify a real-life public relations campaign that attempted to put a positive spin on an otherwise negative situation.

Identify a real-life public relations campaign that attempted to put a positive spin on an otherwise negative situation. The ‚“Quit Now‚” is a public relations campaign which uses the stories of people who either quit smoking or had a bad experience with smoking. This campaign is run to make a national effort to help people who want to quit smoking. It is run by The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Both agencies want to put a positive spin on quitting smoking by implementing the negative message that people continue to die from, ‚“tobacco-related disease,‚” (nih.gov/news/pr/sep2006/nci-29.htm) and they feel they can help one can prevent this.The first thing that I noticed while viewing this campaign was how the Public Relations Program was put into effect. The first step of this program is information gathering. Quit Now had taken submissions from cigarette smokers by asking them why they wanted to quit, how they did quit, and what has happened to their health from smoking.English: The Centers for Disease Control a nd Preve...This organization then chose how they were to be planning on using this information , which is the second phase of the Public Relations Program. After they go over the submissions they plan to use these stories to communicate there message across the country. Quit Now will communicate the successful quitter‚s stories and the not so successful smoker‚s stories for television and radio spots to the country. This campaign has also implemented the fourth step of the Public Relations outline by giving people access to reports that are based on surveys which have evaluated the life rates of smokers versus people who have since quit smoking.The next thing I noticed about the Quit Now campaign was how they are using public relations online. Quit Now utilizes websites such as http://smokefree.gov, cancer.gov/cancertopics/tobacco and cdc.gov/tobacco/. These websites are used in an effort to help people quit by,

No More Sour Grapes

No More Sour Grapes Appreciation is a wonderful thing. It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well. ~ Voltaire You know you think it. An author you know lands a contract or sells an article. She achieves this great promo on a big blog or gets invited to speak at an event that overlooked you. And you feel sorry for yourself . . . and start rationalizing why they were not as worthy as you. Or that you are a better writer. I know you do, because Ive stumbled into that mindset. . . as recently as last week. And I slap myself. I believe in being happy for those enjoying success for the following reasons: 1) You feel better. 2) You can make the other person feel good with a compliment, which makes you feel better. 3) You can study what they did and learn from their success. 4) You can bring attention to yourself 5) That big karma in the sky can come around later and pat you on the back when this successful individual you once supported in their early days becomes able to thank you in return. When you stop and think about it, theres nothing to be gained from begrudging someone else for making a splash. You negate yourself all the above benefits I listed. There is absolutely no good reason whatsoever to look at a winner and not like him. One day and if you keep at it that day will come you will achieve commendation from an editor, a contest, a publisher, an agent, or some group that applauds your efforts. At that time, you would hope that others would bask with you in the glory. You love these people, and surprise, you want to reach out to them and help them in their struggles. Its called reaching back. Writers are connected. Sure, some are higher on the ladder than you. Sure, you wish you were on their rung. But you gain nothing disliking their status. Instead, be thrilled for them. Offer applause and verbalize support. Not only does this make you a better human being, but you also feel a more positive urge to try harder. You hope harder to meet your goals. And the universe eventually rewards you for it.

International competiveness and innovation Essay

International competiveness and innovation - Essay Example Globalisation is considered to be one of the most important events of the modern civilisation. It has brought major developments in the human activities as well in the thought process. This has made their thought process more liberal and innovative. People are using their innovative mind as a tool for economic and social enhancement. Innovation is a common trait among scientists and entrepreneurs who use this trait to bring social, technological and economic developments. Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas, concepts, thoughts that can be further be used for growth and developments. Primarily, innovation is categorized into two major types i.e. radical and incremental. Radical innovation involves the performance improvements of product or services and incremental innovation results in bringing improvements in production process like efficiency, cost-effectiveness etc (Urabe, Child and Kagono, 1998, p.4). Innovation is one of the core features of modern society and technolo gical improvement is a major outcome of this feature that boosts the growth of an economy. The changing technological system has influenced the entire structure of an economy. Modern technological system has led to upgradating international trade and business causing enhancement of economic parameters. Moreover, with the technological developments, many new industries have been evolving to meet the latest of population. On the other hand, the existing organisations also aim to implement latest technologies for shaping their performance for gaining an upper hand and sustainable competitive advantage in the market. Constant technological innovation has become an important criterion for social and economic development and due to this, proper awareness among the entire population is inevitable. People have to realize the importance of basic sciences as it develops a foundation for being innovative, creative and productive. R&D programs are initiated by the organisations seeking technolo gical developments and performance enhancements. 2. Collaborations and Alliances The business environment of the modern world is characterised by highly turbulent phases. With the advent of globalisation firms are increasingly trying to reach out to new consumer markets. Collaboration and alliances are largely used as a tool by business organizations to enter new markets. This strategy has largely been used by the airlines industries to form mega consortiums so as to gain strategic advantage. An example in this regard is the airline industry which has used collaborations and alliances for research and development activities. The major players in the American and European airline market which are dominating the global aerospace industry have used collaborations to enhance the level of research and development activities. In spite of the advantages of a strategy of collaboration and alliances, ‘spillover’ effects are also associated with this strategy. The ‘spillove r’ effect has largely been observed in technology intensive industry segments like biotechnology. However, the analysis of literature reveals considerable difference in the nature of ‘spillover’ in the aerospace industry with patents and licensing being the most prominent difference between the two sets of industries. Difference in demand and supply dynamics also generates considerable differences. The main sources of ‘spillovers’

Self reflection evaluation of standardized patient exams Essay

Self reflection evaluation of standardized patient exams - Essay Example Yes, I am pleased with the way I communicated during the interview. This is because I was able to maintain an eye contact and give the time for the interviewee to answer the questions. This is very critical in retrieving the information. However, if it happens again, I would start with simple questions in order to gain the trust of interviewee. In the video, two things that I did well are active listening and displaying appropriate empathy. These are skills that I learned during training. They were important in enabling me to get in-depth information from the interviewee. After watching video, I realize that if I was given another opportunity, I would train more and ask more questions with the SP. This is through reading more books and watching videos of effective interviews. This would enable me to learn more skills from other professionals. My main goal is to gain experience in the nursing career. I also intend to learn the bigger picture of the FNP role. This would be significant in enabling me to understand ways of serving the patients

Marcel Duchamps Fountain and the Dadaist Movement Essay Example for Free

Marcel Duchamps Fountain and the Dadaist Movement Essay This is a paper about the Dadaist movement and a work of art that is very representative of Dadaist philosophy: Fountain by Marcel Duchamp. The Fountain is one of the most controversial works of art ever. Many argued at the time that it could not be considered art. At first glance, it began as away to test the integrity of an art societys rules for how and what it would consider to be a work of art. It is more complex than this as will be shown. The controversy it raised also forced a re-assessment of the definition â€Å"art. † It embodied the Dada movements irreverence for the rules of a society that had gone mad. To understand Fountain in relation to the Dadaist movement, we must first understand Dadaism and why it emerged as a movement in the early 20th century. The history of Fountain and its creator will be told. Finally, these individual parts of the story will be assembled to give a complete picture of the significance of Fountain as work of modern art The First World War removed any glamorous or noble image of war that may have remained from the days before the mechanization and streamlining of the weapons of war. The death and suffering brought about the Great War had a great effect on soldiers and civilians alike. The number of people killed and wounded was terrible enough. It was the great numbers killed coupled with the lack of a reasonable explanation for sending young men to die or to lose a leg, or an eye, or an arm that perturbed the fragile psychological balance that virtually drove an entire society to the precipice of madness. Death permeated every aspect of life-like never before. Many questioned how a supposedly rational society could destroy itself in such a violent and irrational manner. A movement composed of artists, performers, and intellectuals called for a rejection of the social and artistic norms of the civilization that had brought about the horrors of WWI. The senseless killing proved that life was without meaning; at least it had no meaning for the architects of their world. The movement called for a new beginning that would bring meaning to life. The name of this movement was Dada. There are several explanations for the name. One is that â€Å"da-da† is a common first word said by babies (Adams 915).. â€Å"Dada† is also the French term for a wooden rocking horse. These references to young children symbolize the new beginning that the Dada movement called for in their manifesto (Adams914). Although Dada was a response to a grim situation, one of its characteristics was a lighthearted attitude. From this playful premise, another rationale for the name can be derived from the Slavic â€Å"da, da! † which of course means â€Å"yes, yes† (Adams 914). Yet another rumor claims it was taken from a randomly opened page of a French-German dictionary with the word â€Å"dada† in it. Perhaps the name has no meaning and it was just an arbitrary choice by some of the founding members. This explanation fits perfectly with the â€Å"anti-art† philosophy of Dada. They wished to shock the public into recognizing the absurdity of the Western world through their art (Frank 398). Jean Arp, a French artist, poet, and founding member of Dada summarized the movement with this: While the thunder of guns rolled in the distance, we sang, painted, glued, and composed for all our worth. We are seeking an art that would heal mankind from the madness of the age (qtd. In Frank 398). Artist Marcel Janco said: Dada was not a school of artists, but an alarm signal against declining values, routine and speculation, a desperate appeal on behalf of all forms of art, for a creative basis on which to build a new and universal consciousness of art (qtd. In Frank 397). They wished to remedy society in a way that was in direct opposition to the malevolence of war and destruction. They would heal society through benevolent art that was fun and creative. Fountain (1917) by Marcel Duchamp embodies much of the Dada movements irreverence for all traditional aesthetic values. It has an interesting story behind it. Duchamp was one of many artists that immigrated to New York from war-ravaged Europe. He was at the center of a controversy concerning one of his earlier paintings titled Nude Descending a Staircase in 1912. The painting is akin to time-lapse photograph of a nude woman walking down a staircase with each step superimposed on each other. It give the strong impression of movement; movement being a popular subject of interest by artists of the time. Duchamp was asked to remove the painting before it was to be exhibited at an exposition in France because the organizers of the show felt it was too â€Å"radical† and the public was not ready for such a painting (Camfield 20). Duchamp complied, but was dismayed at being the victim of censorship by an organization that professed to honor democratic ideals in their charter. This is important because this group, the French Independants, would soon have an American counterpart known as the American Independents Society. Duchamp never forgot the hypocrisy of being censored by the French Independants and when the American Independents Society was formed, he wished to test the fortitude of the democratic ideals it too claimed to cherish. The Independents founding principle was â€Å"no jury, no prize† (Camfield 22). This principle would, in theory, allow for a broad interpretation for what could be considered art and spur the great creativity in the creation of art by the Societys members. Submissions by artists that were to be displayed at expositions should have been accepted without being screened and possibly censored by a â€Å"jury† of any kind. Duchamp would submit, under a pseudonym, the work titled Fountain. The reason Duchamp chose to submit such an outrageous piece was not mainly to test the democratic principles of the Independents. Duchamp saw it as a way to inject a true work of Dada into the public view with the purpose of shocking them into recognizing the folly of Western civilization, a key aim of the Dadaist movement. Duchamp was known for the slight additions drawn or painted onto everyday objects or mass-produced replicas of famous art pieces and named them â€Å"Ready-Mades. † Duchamp combined his playful personality and sharp wit with his Ready-Mades. One of his famous Ready-Mades is L. H. O. O. Q. , a revised Mona Lisa in which he has added a mustache to the familiar face of La Gioconda originally painted by da Vinci 500 years ago. The title is meant to be phonetically the same as the word â€Å"look. † The letters are also an acronym in French standing for â€Å"She has a hot ass. † These demonstrates that Duchamps intent was to shock the observer while at the same time doing this with a good sense of humor. One of the greatest shocks the world was to ever receive from a work of art would be administered by Duchamps Fountain. To test the democratic strength of the Independents as discussed earlier, Duchamp submitted a porcelain urinal he purchased from a plumbing store shortly before the first exposition of the American Society of Independent Artists. The urinal was to be displayed upside down from its intended position, the name R. Mutt was inscribed on it, and it was christened with the title Fountain. It arrived a few days before the beginning of the show and it was judged by the â€Å"jury† that was not supposed to exist according to one of the founding principles of the Independents. Just as Nude Descending a Staircase was snubbed from being viewed a few years previous, Fountain too suffered the same indignity of being censored. Duchamp immediately resigned as a director of the American Independents in protest. It was not known until later that R. Mutt was really Duchamp. Fountain is significant in the context of the Dada movement because it was the opposite of anything that Western culture would dream of considering art. That was exactly the point of the movement when it began in Zurich, Switzerland as a response to the horrors of the mechanized death machine unleashed by the First World War. It also asked an important question: â€Å"What is Art? † Duchamp thought that the subjects of his Ready-Mades are as artistic the subjects chosen by a photographer because they are both about the choice of subject matter made by the artist. Photography was well established as an art form in Duchamps time. Why is his choice of subject matter any different from what the photographer chooses to capture on film? The only difference between a Ready-Made and a photograph is the medium in which the subject resides. Why Duchamp chose what he did to create Fountain is hard to discern from the contradictory statements made over the years until his death in 1968. William Camfield makes a good argument that Duchamp did not pick out the urinal at random as he sometimes implied in some responses to questions he was asked about any aesthetic considerations he took when the urinal was purchased. Camfield says: Turning from those late interviews back to 1917 and Duchamps work that preceded Fountain, we find not aesthetic indifference but an oeuvre of extraordinary visual and intellectual rigor. And Fountain fits in that oeuvre. Far from being the product of an impulsive decision to challenge the principles of the Independents, Fountain seems to be expressive of its creator, related to other work by Duchamp, and reflective of other art and the culture around him. (43) It makes sense that the style and creativity exhibited by Duchamp in the other works of art he created around the time of Fountain would be evident in a work that was much more than a last-minute random selection. Fountain seems to be very consistent with his other works during this period and casts doubt on the idea that he did it for anything less than to espouse the tenets of Dada; beliefs he was strongly committed to. Works Cited Adams Laurie S. , Art Across Time. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002 Camfield, William A. , Marcel Duchamp Fountain. Houston, Texas: Houston Fine Art Press, 1989 Cubitt, Sean. â€Å"Marcel Duchamp† Leonardo 35 (2002): 99-100 de la Croix, H. and Tansey, Richard G. , Art Through the Ages. New York: HBJ, 1975 Frank, Patrick, Artforms. New Jersey: Pearson, 2006 Goldsmith, Steven. â€Å"The Ready-Mades of Marcel Duchamp: The Ambiguities of an Aesthetic Revolution. † The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 42 (1983) 197-208 Molesworth, Helen. â€Å"The Everyday Life of Marcel Duchamps Ready-Mades† Art Journal 57 (1998): 50-61

Is Financial Compensation Beneficial Or Detrimental In An Empowerment E

Introduction What is an Empowerment ? Basically empowerment means giving the employee the ability to do their work, i.e. through the right training, the right environment, the right information, the right tools and the authority that they need. It is thought that by giving the employee increased power and responsibility that the employee will have increased motivation. Organisations have developed a number of new programs in which it is hoped that employees will have empowerment and so increased motivation. What is an Empowerment Program ? There are six different forms of empowerment programs. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Performance. This gives employees rewards in relation to their performance on the job. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gain Sharing. Employees are rewarded when performance targets are met. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). Employees are given shares in the company and so co-own the company which allow them to share in the improved profit performance. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lump-Sum Bonuses. Rewards are given to employees in a lump sum based on performance. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Knowledge. When employees learn new skills they are rewarded. This leads employees to learn new skills and so become more flexable within a company. vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flexible Work Schedules. Workers can set their own working times. Motivation Motivation is a force which pushes a person to take a particular course of action, i.e. being motivated to go to school, to get something out of it, be it, to learn new things or just to get a good job out of it at the end which will bring high earnings. A basic model of motivation is shown below: NEED  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BEHAVIOR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REWARD This shows motivation in action, from the previous example we can show that the need is the desire to learn or to get a good job, the behavior is to go to college or university and then the reward is gaining knowledge or a good job. There are two different types of reward ; intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic are rewards gained in performing an action, i.e. f... ...with his two factors that workers have a set of motivators that it is best to concentrate on as this will lead to more job satisfaction and so improved motivation, of these motivators none of these were financial rewards. Improving financial rewards will lead to less job dissatisfaction and not job satisfaction or improved motivation for the work. Taylor argues that workers are like donkeys and that money is the main motivation, this is because in the capitalistic world today money does make a lot of difference and as in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to satisfy the lower levels of the needs, money does make the difference and employees will be influenced by the amount of money that they can have, it will leave them feeling secure. Overall I feel that financial rewards can be very beneficial in an empowerment program and lead to job satisfaction which will lead to increased motivation from workers. Bibliography Management, Fourth Edition. Richard L. Daft. Business Information Technology, Systems, Theories and Practise. Geoffrey Elliot and Susan Starkings. The Practise of Management. Peter F. Drucker. Information Systems – A Management Prospective, Second Edition. Stephen Alter.

Explication of Adrienne Rich’s “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” Essay

Adrienne Rich did a wonderful job portraying the trials of abused and battered women in this poem. These trials could possibly be explained by Rich being the niece of Aunt Jennifer; therefore, personal feelings are exposed throughout the piece. The speaker speaks in an admiring, sincere, tone and her sympathy is apparent because she herself is a female. Rich’s poem, â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† is about the trials of an older woman in distress because her marriage is in trouble, and she is too afraid to leave her husband. The most apparent point in the poem is the ongoing contrast between the fictional tigers and Aunt Jennifer. The tigers represent a powerful character created by Aunt Jennifer through her needlework, which she uses as an escape. While the tigers move with certainty, â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen† (1). Aunt is nervous and afraid: â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool† (5). Webster’s dictionary defines flutter as a condition of nervous agitation. Aunt is agitated and in a hurry to create the image of the tigers to get her mind off of her husband. â€Å"Bright topaz denizens of a world of green† (2) creates a feeling of greenery which represents the living surroundings of the jungle where a tiger would be found. Line two shows the reader how Aunt describes the tiger’s home, while at the same time Aunt is in her home. The contrast is shown between Aunt Jennifer and the tigers through the attitude of the characters. Aunt Jennifer creates images of tigers because it gives a sense of protection against Aunt’s husband and all men in her eyes. â€Å"They do not fear the men beneath the trees† (3), speaking of the tigers for their brave stand against the men, whereas the Aunt is scared of the men: â€Å"The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band / Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand† (7-8). The ring is made of metal and is not physically heavy, for it symbolizes her heavy hardships she has had with her husband. She fears the men, but she feels better knowing the tigers are there to watch over her. The hand with the ring is also holding an â€Å"ivory needle† (6), which she uses to stitch the tigers. Ivory is thought to be pure and heavenly, and she is using the needle to knit an image that represents safety. The tigers and the ivory are being used as diversionary tactics to cancel out thoughts of Aunt Jennifer’s  husband. The poem in itself contains many literary devices that allow the reader to understand better what the author is trying to say. Alliteration is apparent throughout the entire poem. â€Å"Sleek chivalric certainty† (4) indicates the tigers are confident with themselves and fear nothing or nobody. â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering† (6) is an example of alliteration that shows the reader how seriously she wants to finish the artwork. â€Å"Prancing, proud† (12) gives the reader a sense of the power of the tigers and how much of a threat they can be. The repetition of the consonants in line six and line twelve emphasis how strong Rich wanted those lines to be heard. As the poem rolls on, the reader notices a rhyme scheme that is very simple and easy to follow. â€Å"Across a screen† (1) and â€Å"world of green† (2) are examples of the rhyme in this poem. The rhyme scheme continues AABBCCDDEEFF. â€Å"Tree† (3) and â€Å"certaintyâ €  (4) are examples approximate rhyme. Imagery is used to create the tigers, and symbolism created a character that Aunt Jennifer could never be. The third stanza speaks about what will happen when Aunt Jennifer passes away. â€Å"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie/ Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by† (9-10): Aunt Jennifer will lie in her deathbed wearing the ring that tainted her life. Until that day, she will keep finding things to get her mind off of her husband. â€Å"The tigers in the panel that she made/ Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid† (11-12): even when Aunt dies, the tigers she created will continue to conquer the men and will go on protecting all women who struggle the way she did. This twelve line poem is a representation of all women who are treated with disrespect. Adrienne Rich uses many different devices to draw out her poem just as she wants it. The vivid word choice used in every line is symbolic throughout the entire poem. Line by line, Rich explains how a certain woman uses her hobby to create a character used to block out her trials with her husband. The story contrasts the tigers with the men and how anything can be defeated.

Descriptive Essay “Betrayal”

The term â€Å"stabbed me in the back† is a recognized vernacular for someone who was betrayed. Well in my case I was â€Å"stabbed in the chest. † I knew how my cousin Ann could be and somehow I was still shocked that she would hurt me how she did. She was my best friend from the time I was eight to that dreadful night she nearly had herself killed. It is during this time that she changed from the person I knew; the outspoken, rebellious, fearless woman that lived life to the fullest and took no prisoners into an ignorant, selfish, two-faced she devil that would talk her best friend down to not look as bad as she really was.She had an air around her. Not quite arrogance, more of one who thought to be superior to others. Things were her way or none at all and even to me she held nothing back in her plans to get even. The night she got shot, her plans to get even, and the inevitable break from the family led to her ultimate betrayal of our friendship. Ann is not the kind of person to just let things go. She’s never content with letting bygones be bygones and move on. Needless to say she didn't keep many friends. But it isn't her begrudging nature that steered friends away from her.It is her deliberate acts of treachery and double crossing which became more and more apparent over time. Her comprehension of morality is lacking. And she also has no true understanding of restraint. She is the child punished for taking candy from a baby and in return she hits the baby. Because it's the baby's fault she was scolded so the baby must also be punished. She is cold and unsympathetic. Not a single care for the hardships she places on others. The delusions she creates of herself; a caring, altruistic, benevolent soul is actually a facade.It is her way to get your guard down and when the moment arises, she strikes with no reservation. For instance, she robbed, restrained, and beat her ex boyfriend for drugs and money simply because she wanted to punish h im for not leaving his girlfriend. She justifies her actions as results on another person's error. She is callus and conniving. Like a rabid she wolf, shifty and always on the attack. Her distasteful nature became so out of control even family began to distance from her and her deceptive ways. Somehow, she escaped with her life and did not end up dead in her apartment yet she still persists on the travesty of his actions.At first, I indulged her â€Å"poor me† attitude since I still loved Ann and wanted to comfort her. Eventually, her rants would end with more overdrawn rants but she flipped the script when she told me she had a plan to go back up to her ex’s for revenge. She is never one to let things go. She takes herself these destructive paths and leaves a mess all around her. Before she could even bring me into her plans I left and told her she’s on her own. Afterwards, she becomes irrational with anger. She starts calling me at work and texting me non-stop . She even became so desperate to call my parents asking them to send me over whenever they could.With the shooting incident and the unstable character of my cousin, my family forbid me from having any contact with her. It broke my heart because I wanted to be there for her. Nevertheless, she is not is a good place and wanted to bring everyone down around her. Though she knew her plans of revenge against her ex were foiled she, unbeknownst to me, decides to somehow bring me down. Four weeks later, I hear from Ann. I was eager and excited to hear how she was and how life back felt but I was sadly dissappointed when a drugged up Ann was slurring on the other line.Her haggard voice slurs out † You enjoying your happy perfect life? As long as you stay locked up at home like you do listening to your parents and not doing what you want. † Suddenly, Ann sounds clearer and she proceeded to chuckle into the phone. † You know I'll always look out for you. Not your parents an d not mine. Just me. So I took care of your problem with us not being able to see eachother. I called your parents told them what they needed to hear. You're a drug user. You like to sleep with lots of men and you steal from everyone. They need to kick you out so you can live with me.I made sure to make you sound real good. † I know it's all lies and I know my parents would never believe the drugged up rants of my cousin. However, it shattered me knowing my parents had to listen to those words. She knew how much I love my parents and how I strive to live up their expectations of me. Furthermore, by her telling me, she wanted me to know stabbed me in my chest. Then, she twisted the knife. â€Å"You deserve to feel judged. You are not special and I want to make sure everyone else knows you're just as bad as me. † The aftermath of that event was not a catastrophic as I had imagined.My parents both knew she was lying to make me look bad out of hate and jealously but I could tell the call still weighed on their minds. The mood was heavy. My parents were tired from the stress and I was broken by Ann's vindictive nature. It took a long time to recover from that. She had been my journal of life. I shared all my views, dreams, and secrets which she willingly through all away because she wanted to be spiteful. I never spoke to her much after that. She moved out of her mother’s house and into her boyfriend's apartment. Once her parents stopped giving her money and told her to start paying rent she left.It really made me see her for what she really is. A parasite. She hooks onto a host and takes in what nutrients she can. Finally, when she knows she can't get nothing more she moves on. Unfortunately, it is slightly different in my case. She grew with me. She festered in my heart and fed off my stories and my help and my love. It was all arsenals for her bags of tricks. So that day when she ripped herself out of my heart it hurt me deeply but now I know she is withering away with no one to latch onto and the once strong bridge she had with me is forever burned up and sealed for no entry ever again.A descriptive essay creating a dominant impression|exec|good|fair|imprv|0| INTRODUCTION ? 15 points| | build reader interest| | | | | | state a sound and clear THESIS STATEMENTpresent a dominant impression| | | | | | offer a single sentence summary of the main supports which maintain the dominant impression| | | | | | DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS ? 60 points| | contain topic sentences (main supports) connected to thesis to develop/enhance the dominant impression| | | | | | are unified around the topic sentence| | | | | | re fully developed with specific examples, details, explanations to reinforce the dominant impressions| | | | | | contain specific words to reinforce the dominant impression| | | | | | provide sentences that are clearly written| | | | | | GENERAL ISSUES -20 points| | use a consistent voice (NO ? YOU? )| | | | | | spell all w ords correctly| | | | | | increase coherence among sentences and paragraphs| | | | | | use commas and semi-colons correctly| | | | | | PERSONAL GOAL -5 points| | | | | | | | The personal goal is a composing issue that has challenged the writer previously

Anxiety and mood disorders essays

Anxiety and mood disorders essays Everyone experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a persons mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. There are three main theories to the cause of anxiety disorder, the Biological Theory, the Behavioral Theory, and the Psychodynamic Theory. The Biological theory indicates anxiety disorder is cause by a chemical imbalance in the brain from a build-up of stress, the use of drug and alcohol, or genetically from parents. The Behavioral Theory says this illness is cause by consistently learning to react negatively to events. The Psychodynamic Theory says childhood issues, such as trauma during childhood, are the causes of anxiety disorder. There are many effective medication treatments and psychotherapy treatments to anxiety disorder. However, the psychotherapy treatments are the better ways to treat anxiety disorder. Medication treatments have a few disadvantages. As oppose to the psychotherapy treatments such as the Behavior Therapy, the Cognitive Therapy, and the Relaxation Techniques, which are effective and beneficial. Medications can help to treat anxiety disorder; these medications generally belong to a chemical group called the benzodiazepines. They are widely used, safe, and effective, for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. Most often, they are taken as needed, when your anxiety becomes especially bothersome. but it is not the best treatment. Medications can only help to relief the symptoms of anxiety disorder by restoring the chemical imbalance that lead to the symptoms, but does not treat the cause of it. (Anxiety and Stress) Also, there are side effects to most medications, which can cause other symptoms. Medications can only help d...

Oasis Theory and the Origins of Agriculture

Oasis Theory and the Origins of Agriculture The Oasis Theory (known variously as the Propinquity Theory or Desiccation Theory) is a core concept in archaeology, referring to one of the main hypotheses about the origins of agriculture: that people started to domesticate plants and animals because they were forced to, because of climate change. The fact that people changed from hunting and gathering to farming as a subsistence method has never seemed like a logical choice. To archaeologists and anthropologists, hunting and gathering in a universe of limited population and plentiful resources is less demanding work than plowing, and certainly more flexible. Agriculture requires cooperation, and living in settlements reaps social impacts, like diseases, ranking, social inequality, and division of labor. Most European and American social scientists in the first half of the 20th century simply didnt believe that human beings were naturally inventive or inclined to change their ways of life unless compelled to do so. Nevertheless, at the end of the last Ice Age, people did reinvent their method of living. What Do Oases Have to Do With the Origins of Agriculture? The Oasis Theory was defined by Australian-born archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe [1892-1957], in his 1928 book, The Most Ancient Near East. Childe was writing decades before the invention of radiocarbon dating and a half-century before the serious collection of the vast amount of climatic information that we have today had begun. He argued that at the end of the Pleistocene, North Africa and the Near East experienced a period of desiccation, a period of an increased occurrence of drought, with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation. That aridity, he argued, drove both people and animals to congregate at oases and river valleys; that propinquity created both population growth and a closer familiarity with plants and animals. Communities developed and were pushed out of the fertile zones, living on the edges of the oases where they were forced to learn how to raise crops and animals in places that were not ideal. Childe was not the first scholar to suggest that cultural change can be driven by environmental changethat was American geologist Raphael Pumpelly [1837-1923] who suggested in 1905 that central Asian cities collapsed because of desiccation. But during the first half of the 20th century, the available evidence suggested that farming appeared first on the dry plains of Mesopotamia with the Sumerians, and the most popular theory for that adoption was environmental change. Modifying the Oasis Theory Generations of scholars beginning in the 1950s with Robert Braidwood, in the 1960s with Lewis Binford, and in the 1980s with Ofer Bar-Yosef, built, dismantled, rebuilt, and refined the environmental hypothesis. And along the way, dating technologies and the ability to identify evidence and timing of past climate change blossomed. Since then, oxygen-isotope variations have allowed scholars to develop detailed reconstructions of the environmental past, and a vastly improved picture of past climate change has been developed. Maher, Banning, and Chazen recently compiled comparative data on radiocarbon dates on cultural developments in the Near East and radiocarbon dates on climatic events during that period. They noted there is substantial and growing evidence that the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture was a very long and variable process, lasting thousands of years in some places and with some crops. Further, the physical effects of climate change also were and are variable across the region: some regions were severely impacted, others less so. Maher and colleagues concluded that climate change alone cannot have been the sole trigger for specific shifts in technological and cultural change. They add that that doesnt disqualify climatic instability as providing the context for the long transition from mobile hunter-gatherer to sedentary agricultural societies in the Near East, but rather that the process was simply far more complex than the Oasis theory can sustain. Childes Theories To be fair, though, throughout his career, Childe didnt simply attribute cultural change to environmental change: he said that you had to include significant elements of social change as drivers as well. Archaeologist Bruce Trigger put it this way, restating Ruth Tringhams comprehensive review of a handful of Childe biographies: Childe viewed every society as containing within itself both progressive and conservative tendencies which are linked by dynamic unity as well as by persistent antagonism. The latter provides the energy that in the long run brings about irreversible social change. Hence every society contains within itself the seeds for the destruction of its present state and the creation of a new social order. Sources Braidwood RJ. 1957. Jericho and its Setting in Near Eastern History. Antiquity 31(122):73-81.Braidwood RJ, Çambel H, Lawrence B, Redman CL, and Stewart RB. 1974. Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey1972. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 71(2):568-572.Childe VG. 1969. New Light on the Most Ancient East. London: Norton Company.Childe VG. 1928. The Most Ancient Near East. London: Norton Company.Maher LA, Banning EB, and Chazan M. 2011. Oasis or Mirage? Assessing the Role of Abrupt Climate Change in the Prehistory of the Southern Levant. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21(01):1-30.Trigger BG. 1984. Childe and Soviet Archaeology. Australian Archaeology 18:1-16.Tringham R. 1983. V. Gordon Childe 25 Years After: His Relevance for the Archaeology of the Eighties. Journal of Field Archaeology 10(1):85-100.Verhoeven M. 2011. The Birth of a Concept and the Origins of the Neolithic: A History of Prehistoric Farmers in the Near East. Palà ©orient oasis37(1):75-87. Weisdorf JL. 2005. From Foraging To Farming: Explaining The Neolithic Revolution. Journal of Economic Surveys 19(4):561-586.Wright HE. 1970. Environmental Changes and the Origin of Agriculture in the near East. BioScience 20(4):210-217.

Scientific journal (Nuclear Medicine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scientific journal (Nuclear Medicine) - Essay Example he application of the methods may facilitate the noninvasive imaging of therapeutic tumor responses to specific drug treatments to provide a reliable index of their potential efficacy and as a monitor of mechanisms of action in the selective destruction of tumor cells. The research article discusses the potential for the expanded use of quantitative PET molecular imaging to assess the efficacy of novel targeted therapeutics in the treatment of cancer. The use of radiolabelled biomarkers serves as a molecular tag which can be traced using PET imaging tools to delineate the molecular interactions between a targeted drug and the tumor cells destined for destruction. The implementation of the molecular tools allows researches to determine whether the drug effectively interacts with its selected target and the concentration of drug that actually reaches the tumor site following drug administration. Non-specific interactions of the drug with non-tumor tissue may also be assed using this methodology. The authors reviewed the results of several clinical trials of this methodology used to assess the efficacy of several important new classes of targeted chemotherapeutics, including protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (PTKIs) and epidermal growth factor recep tor (EGFR) ligands. In the latter case, several drugs approved for cancer treatment by the US FDA, including lapatinib, gefitinib ,and erlotinib, were assessed using this nuclear medicine application. Each of these drugs has produced equivocal results in patients with lung cancer and other tumors that overexpress the EGFR. Several research trials involving labeled chemotherapeutics were cited and data presented indicated that in some cases, reliable data were produced by this nuclear medicine molecular assessment approach. The authors have presented a compelling theoretical argument to support the use of PET imaging technology in the molecular assessment of therapeutic responses to targeted cancer drugs. This